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The love for hunting wild animals, such as the wolf, bear, and boar (see chapter on Hunting), from an early date took the place of the animal combats as far as the court and the nobles were concerned. The people were therefore deprived of the spectacle of the combats which had had so much charm for them; and as they could not resort to the alternative of the chase, they treated themselves to a feeble imitation of the games of the circus in such amusements as setting dogs to worry old horses or donkeys, &c.
474 visits
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Knight in War-harness, after a Miniature in a Psalter written and illuminated under Louis le Gros
599 visits
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The Rubbish Carter
Technologically there are several varieties of “rubbish,” or rather “dirt,” for such appears to be the generic term, of which “rubbish” is strictly a species. Dirt, according to the understanding among the rubbish-carters, would seem to consist of any solid earthy matter, which is of an useless or refuse character. This dirt the trade divides into two distinct kinds, viz.:—
1. “Soft dirt,” or refuse clay (of which “dry dirt,” or refuse soil or mould, is a variety).
2. “Hard-dirt,” or “hard-core,” consisting of the refuse bricks, chimney-pots, slates, &c., when a house is pulled down, as well as the broken bottles, pans, pots, or crocks, and oyster-shells, &c., which form part of the contents of the dustman’s cart.
1733 visits
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The caravan soon reached the gates of Kouka, where, after a journey extending over two months and a half, they were received by a body of cavalry 4000 strong, under perfect discipline. Amongst these troops was a corps of blacks forming the body-guard of the sheikh, whose equipments resembled those of ancient chivalry.
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Lancer of the army of the Sultan of Begharmi
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Image 306
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1. Brain.
2. Spinal cord.
3. Brachial plexus.
4. Sacrolumbar plexus.
5. Pneumogastric.
6. Sciatic.
7. Sympathetic System.
8. Solar plexus.
813 visits
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Skeleton of the Horse
1.Skull, or skeleton of the head.
2.Cervical vertebræ or neck bones.
3.Dorsal vertebræ or back bones.
4.Lumbar vertebræ or loin bones.
5.Sacral vertebræ or rump bones.
6.Coccygeal vertebræ or tail bones.
7.Pelvic or hip bones.
8.Sternum or breast bone.
9.Ribs.
10.Scapula or shoulder blade.
11.Humerus or shoulder bone.
12.Radius or bone of the fore-arm.
13.Ulna or bone of the fore-arm.
14.Carpus or bones of the knee.
15.Os Melacarpi Magnus, metacarpal, or cannon bone.
16.Ossa Melacarpi Parva, or splint bones.
17.Proximal Phalanx, os suffraginis, or large pastern bone.
18.Great Sesamoid Bones.
19.Medium Phalanx, os coronæ, or small pastern bone.
20.Distal Phalanx, os pedis, or coffin bone.
21.Os Naviculare, small sesamoid, or shuttle bone.
22.Femur, or thigh bone.
23.Patella, or stifle bone.
24.Tibia, or leg bone.
25.Fibula. (This bone is little developed in the horse.)
26.Tarsus or hock bones.
27.Metatarsus, or os metatarsi magnus.
28.Ossa Metatarsi Parva, or splint bones of the hind leg.
Names of joints placed according to numbers.
I. Shoulder Joint.
II. Elbow Joint.
III.Carpus or knee joint.
IV.Fetlock Joint.
V.Pastern Joint.
VI.Coffin Joint.
VII.Hip Joint.
VIII.Stifle Joint.
IX.Tarsus or hock joint.
837 visits
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Anatomy of the Foot.—This illustration represents the foot of a horse sawed from above the fetlock down through the center of the foot. It shows the structure of the foot, the name of each part being given according to number.
1. Lower end of large metacarpal, or cannon bone.
2. Bursa, which secretes the joint oil that lubricates the place where the tendon, or cord, on the front of the leg passes down over the front of the fetlock joint. This is important as it sometimes gets injured and becomes enlarged. It is then called a bursal enlargement, and is of the same nature as a wind gall.
3. Fetlock joint.
4. Os suffraginis, or large pastern bone.
5. Pastern joint. This joint is important; when diseased it is the seat of a high ringbone.
6. Os coronae or small pastern bone.
7. Coffin joint. This joint is important, for when it is diseased it is known as a low ringbone.
8. Wall of the hoof.
9. Os pedis, or coffin bone.
10. Sensitive wall, or quick of the foot.
11. Sensitive sole, or quick of the foot.
12. Frog of the foot, or horney frog.
13. Plantar cushion, or fatty frog.
14. Navicular bone. This is also important, for when diseased it is the seat of navicular, or coffin joint lameness.
15. Back tendons below the fetlock.
16. Sesamoid, or fetlock bones.
17. Skin.
18. Back tendons above the fetlock.
751 visits
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Muscles of the Horse.
Deep Layer.
1. Temporalis.
1. Stylo-maxillaris.
2. Rectus capitis anticus major.
3. Sterno-thyro-hyoideus.
4. Sterno-maxillaris.
5. The Trachea.
6. Scalenus.
7. Splenius.
8. Funicular part of ligamentum nuchæ.
9. Rhomboideus longus.
10.Cervical.
11.Cartilage of prolongation.
12.Rhomboideus brevis.
13.Transversalis costarum.
14.Longissimus dorsi.
15.Serratus Magnus.
16.External intercostals.
17.Internal intercostals.
18.Rectus abdominis.
19.Pectoralis magnus.
20.Postea-spinatus minor.
21.Flexor brachii.
22.Humeralis obliquus.
22´.Caput parvum (of triceps extensor brachii).
23.Extensor suffraginis.
24.Extensor metacarpi magnus divided.
25.Extensor metacarpi obliquus.
25´.Its tendon.
26, 28.Flexor pedis perforans and perforatus.
29.Obliquus abdominis internus.
30.Gluteus maximus.
31.Erector coccygis.
32.Curvator coccygis.
33.Depressor coccygis.
34.Rectus femoris.
35.Vastus externus.
36.Part covered by triceps abductor.
37.Biceps rotator tibialis.
38.Gastrocnemius externus.
39.Plantaris.
40.Flexor pedis perforans.
41.Peroneus.
42.Flexor metatarsi.
43.Extensor pedis (cut across).
778 visits
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Digestive Apparatus of the Horse
1. Mouth.
2. Pharynx.
3. Œsophagus.
4. Diaphragm.
5. Spleen.
6. Stomach (left sac).
7. Duodenum.
8. Liver (upper extremity).
9. Great colon.
10. Cæcum.
11. Small intestine.
12. Floating colon.
13. Rectum.
14. Anus.
15. Left kidney and ureter.
16. Bladder.
17. Urethra.
a. Hard palate.
b. Tongue.
c. Soft palate.
d. Trachea.
e. Pulmonary artery (divided).
f. Heart.
g. Posterior aorta.
722 visits
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Blood-Vascular System of the Horse
1. Heart, right ventricle.
2. Heart, left ventricle.
3. Heart, left auricle.
4. Pulmonary artery.
5. Pulmonary veins.
6. Anterior aorta.
7. Carotid artery.
8. Glosso-facial artery.
9. Left brachial artery.
10. Dorsal artery.
11. Superior cervical artery.
12. Vertebral artery.
12′.Internal thoracic artery.
13. Humeral artery.
14. Radial artery.
14′.Cubital artery.
15. Great metacarpal artery.
16. Ungual branches.
17. Posterior aorta.
18. Coeliac axis.
19. Mesenteric arteries.
20. Renal artery (left).
21. Small testicular artery.
22. Posterior vena cava.
23. Portal vein.
23´.Hepatic circulation.
24. External iliac artery.
25. Internal iliac artery.
26. Lateral sacral artery.
27. Femoral artery.
28. Posterior tibial artery.
28′. Anterior tibial artery.
28″. Femoro-popliteal artery.
29. Metatarsal vessels.
30. Venous plexus of the foot.
31. Internal saphenic vein.
32. Cephalic vein.
33. Jugular vein.
1049 visits
