- Sargeants-at-arms
The bailiffs at the Châtelet were divided into five classes: the king's sergeant-at-arms, the sergeants de la douzaine, the sergeants of the mace, or foot sergeants, the sergeants fieffés, and the mounted sergeants. The establishment of these officers dated from the beginning of the fourteenth century, and they were originally appointed by the provost, but afterwards by the King himself. The King's sergeants-at-arms formed his body-guard; they were not under the jurisdiction of the high constable, but of the ordinary judges, which proves that they were in civil employ. Sergeants-at-Arms of the Fourteenth Century, carved in Stone.--From the Church of St. Catherine du Val des Ecoliers, in Paris. - Promulgation of an Edict.
During the captivity of King John in England, royal authority having considerably declined, the powers of Parliament and other bodies of the magistracy so increased, that under Charles VI. the Parliament of Paris was bold enough to assert that a royal edict should not become law until it had been registered in Parliament. This bold and certainly novel proceeding the kings nevertheless did not altogether oppose, as they foresaw that the time would come when it might afford them the means of repudiating a treaty extorted from them under difficult circumstances. Promulgation of an Edict.--Fac-simile of a Miniature in "Anciennetés des Juifs," (French Translation from Josephus), Manuscript of the Fifteenth Century, executed for the Duke of Burgundy (Library of the Arsenal of Paris.) - Officers of the table
Officers of the Table and of the Chamber of the Imperial Court: Cup-bearer, Cook, Barber, and Tailor, from a Picture in the "Triomphe de Maximilien T.," engraved by J. Resch, Burgmayer, and others (1512), from Drawings by Albert Durer. - Table of a baron
The Table of a Baron, as laid out in the Thirteenth Century.--Miniature from the "Histoire de St. Graal" (Manuscript from the Imperial Library, Paris). - Maidservants
Dress of Maidservants in the Thirteenth Century.--Miniature in a Manuscript of the National Library of Paris. - Entry of Charles VII into Paris
Entry of Charles VII into Paris - Merchants at Constantinople
Merchants at Constantinople - Craftsmen in the 14th Century
- How to shout and blow horns
"How to shout and blow Horns."--Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of Phoebus (Fifteenth Century). - Cards
- Barnacle Geese
- Bishop Receiving Tithes
- Alexandria
- A Nutcracker
- Bailiewick
- Bootmakers apprentice
- Assembly
- Barrister
- Dancers on Christmas Eve
- Court Fool
- A Burgess at meals
- Styli
Styli used in writing in the Fourteenth Century. - Bronze Chandeliers
- A dealer in eggs
- Court of Love
- Extraction of metals
- Toll under bridge
Toll under bridge - A Noble of Provence
- Chimes
- Dress of the Falconer
- Arms of Fifteenth Cetury
- Ceremonial Dress
- Bird Piping
- Cologne
- Merchant Vessel in a Storm.
Merchant Vessel in a Storm.--Fac-simile of a Woodcut in the "Grand Kalendrier et Compost des Bergers," in folio: printed at Troyes, about 1490, by Nicolas de Rouge - Nutcracker
Nut-crackers, in Boxwood, Sixteenth Century (Collection of M. Achille Jubinal) - Safeguarding the woman
Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene.--Costume of the End of the Fifteenth Century, from a Miniature in a Latin Psalm Book (Manuscript No. 175, National Library of Paris). - Saint Catherine Surrounded by the Doctors of Alexandria.
Saint Catherine Surrounded by the Doctors of Alexandria. - Lady and Maid of Honour
Noble Lady and Maid of Honour, and two Burgesses with Hoods (Fourteenth Century), from a Miniature in the "Merveilles du Monde" (Manuscript in the Imperial Library of Paris). - Catching Birds
- Noble ladies and Children
Dress of Noble Ladies and Children in the Fourteenth Century.--Miniature in the "Merveilles du Monde" (Manuscript, National Library of Paris). - Discovery of America
- Oliphant
Olifant, or Hunting-horn, in Ivory (Fourteenth Century).--From an Original existing in England. - German Sportsman
German Sportsman, drawn and engraved by J. Amman in the Sixteenth Century. - Knife Handles in ivory
Knife-handles in Sculptured Ivory, Sixteenth Century (Collection of M. Becker, of Frankfort). - Hunitng Meal
Hunting-Meal.--Fac-simile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of the "Livre du Roy Modus" (National Library of Paris) - Due on Wines
Due on Wines To add to these already excessive rates and taxes, there were endless dues, under all shapes and names, claimed by the ecclesiastical lords. And not only did the nobility make without scruple these enormous exactions, but the Crown supported them in avenging any act, however opposed to all sense of justice; so that the nobles were really placed above the great law of equality, without which the continuance of social order seemed normally impossible. - Marseilles
View and Plan of Marseilles and its Harbour, in the Sixteenth Century.--From a Copper-plate in the Collection of G. Bruin, in folio: "Théâtre des Citez du Monde." - Basin maker
- The Issue
The Issue de Table.--Fac-simile of a Woodcut in the Treatise of Christoforo di Messisburgo, "Banchetti compositioni di Vivende," 4to., Ferrara, 1549. At the issue de table wafers or some other light pastry were introduced, which were eaten with the hypocras wine. The boute-hors, which was served when the guests, after having washed their hands and said grace, had passed into the drawing-room, consisted of spices, different from those which had appeared at dessert, and intended specially to assist the digestion; and for this object they must have been much needed, considering that a repast lasted several hours. Whilst eating these spices they drank Grenache, Malmsey, or aromatic wines - Treading the grape
Treading the Grape - The Mint
Woodcut in the Translation of the Latin Work of Francis Patricius, "De l'Institution et Administration de la Chose Politique:" folio, 1520. - Culture of the vine
- Receiver of taxes
Charles VIII., during a reign of fourteen years, continued to waste the public money. His disastrous expedition for the conquest of the kingdom of Naples forced him to borrow at the rate of forty-two per cent. A short time previous to his death he acknowledged his errors, but continued to spend money, without consideration or restraint, in all kinds of extravagances, but especially in buildings. During his reign the annual expenditure almost invariably doubled the revenue. In 1492 it reached 7,300,000 francs, about 244,000,000 francs of present money. The deficit was made up each year by a general tax, "which was paid neither by the nobles nor the Church, but was obtained entirely from the people" (letters from the ambassadors of Venice). The receiver of Taxes.--Fac-simile of a Woodcut in Damhoudere's "Praxis Rerum Civilium." - Sedentary Occupations of the Peasants.
A small kitchen-garden, which he cultivated himself, was usually attached to the cottage, which was guarded by a large watch-dog. There was also a shed for the cows, whose milk contributed to the sustenance of the establishment; and on the thatched roof of this and his cottage the wild cats hunted the rats and mice. The family were never idle, even in the bad season, and the children were taught from infancy to work by the side of their parents - Catching wolves
- Tin maker
Fac-simile of Engravings on Wood, designed and engraved by J. Amman, in the Sixteenth Century. - Receiving tithe
The Bishop of Tournai receiving the Tithe of Beer granted by King Chilpéric.--From the Windows of the Cathedral of Tournai, Fifteenth Century. - Bread Making
- Ramparts
Ramparts of the Town of Aigues-Mortes, one of the Municipalities of Languedoc.