- Henson's Proposed machine
One of the first to work upon Sir George Cayley’s theories was an experimenter named Henson. He planned an ambitious machine weighing about a ton. It was to have planes of canvas stretched over a rigidly trussed frame of bamboo rods and hollow wooden spars; and these planes were to contain 4500 square feet of lifting surface, and be driven by screws operated by a steam engine of 30 h.p. But this craft did not take practical shape, although in its appearance and many of its details it bore a resemblance to machines which ultimately were to fly. In the specification of the patent he took out for his invention, Henson indicated that it was for “Improvements in locomotive apparatus and machinery for conveying letters, goods, and passengers from place to place through the air.” - Henson and Stringfellow’s Model
Henson and Stringfellow built in 1845 a model which weighed about 30 lbs.; and although its stability was not perfect, it was an interesting machine—a forecast of the monoplane of the future. Here one saw the lifting planes take shape; the body between the wings; the tail-planes at the rear; and, above all, a suggestion of the means by which machines would be driven through the air: the fitting to the model, that is to say, of revolving propellers or screws. When an inventor has fitted an engine to an aircraft, means must be devised for using its power to drive the machine through the air; and to make the wings flap like those of a bird, has been found so complicated, owing to the mechanism necessary to imitate natural movements, that much of the power is wasted. Inventors such as Henson and Stringfellow, realising this difficulty, made wings that were outstretched and immovable, like those of a bird when it is soaring, and relied upon screw propellers—which they set spinning at great speed by means of their engines—to thrust their craft forward through the air. - Happy Days
"Are you going next week to see Phillis and Phoebe? Phillis on Monday will be just fourteen. She says we shall all have our tea in the garden, And afterwards have some nice games on the green. "I wanted a new frock, but mother said, 'No,' So I must be content with my old one you see. But then white is so pretty, and kind Aunt Matilda Has sent down a beautiful necklace for me." "Oh, yes, I am going, and Peggy is going, And mother is making us new frocks to wear; I shall have my red sash and my hat with pink ribbons— I know all the girls will be smart who are there. "And then, too, we're going to each take a nosegay— The larger the better—for Phillis to say That all her friends love her, and wish her so happy, And bring her sweet flowers upon her birthday. "And won't it be lovely, in beautiful sunshine, The table spread under the great apple tree, To see little Phillis—that dear little Phillis— Look smiling all round as she pours out the tea!" - Going to see Grandmamma
Little Molly and Damon Are walking so far, For they're going to see Their kind Grandmamma. And they very well know, When they get there she'll take From out of her cupboard Some very nice cake. And into her garden They know they may run, And pick some red currants, And have lots of fun. So Damon to doggie Says, "How do you do?" And asks his mamma If he may not go too. - Going to bed
HIPPITY HOP TO BED O it’s hippity hop to bed! I’d rather sit up instead. But when father says “must,” There’s nothing but just Go hippity hop to bed. - Girl with Flowers
Girl with Flowers - Girl in a hat
Girl in a hat - Girl and boy in the garden
Girl and boy in the garden - Garland
Garland of flowers on a ribbon - Fruit
Fruit - From Wonder World
Out of Wonder World I think you come; For in your eyes the wonder comes with you. The stars are the windows of Heaven, And sometimes I think you peep through. Oh, little girl, tell us do the Flowers Tell you secrets when they find you all alone? Or the Birds and Butterflies whisper Of things to us unknown? Or do angel voices speak to you so softly, When we only hear a little wind sigh; And the peaceful dew of Heaven fall upon you When we only see a white cloud passing by? - From Market
Oh who'll give us Posies, And Garlands of Roses, To twine round our heads so gay? For here we come bringing You many good wishes to-day. From market—from market—from market— We all come up from market. - Flower
Flower - First attempts
Of the doings of another of these brave but reckless men—a Saracen who tried to fly in the twelfth century—there is fuller information. He provided himself with wings which he stiffened with wooden rods, and held out upon either side of his body. Wearing these, he mounted to the top of a tower in Constantinople and stood waiting for a favourable gust of wind. When this came and caught his wings, he “rose into the air like a bird.” And then, of course, seeing that he had no idea of balancing himself when actually aloft, he fell pell-mell and “broke his bones.” People who had gathered to watch, seeing this inglorious ending to the flight, burst into laughter: ridicule rather than praise, indeed, was the fate of the pioneers, even to the days when the first real flights were made. - First Arrivals
It is a Party, do you know, And there they sit, all in a row, Waiting till the others come, To begin to have some fun. Hark! the bell rings sharp and clear, Other little friends appear; And no longer all alone They begin to feel at home. To them a little hard is Fate, Yet better early than too late; Fancy getting there forlorn, With the tea and cake all gone. Wonder what they'll have for tea; Hope the jam is strawberry. Wonder what the dance and game; Feel so very glad they came. Very Happy may you be, May you much enjoy your tea. - Family Dinner
Family Dinner - Driving seat of Wright Biplane
In the picture the operator is seen in the driving seat; and near him will be observed the motor which drives the craft. In his left hand—that is to say in the one nearest us—he grasps the lever which operates the elevating planes. The rod from lever to plane can be seen, and the motions the pilot makes are these: should he wish to rise, he draws the lever towards him and tilts up the elevating planes in the manner already described, increasing the lifting power of the main-planes and so causing the machine to ascend; by a reverse movement of the lever—by pushing it away from him, that is to say—he makes the craft glide downward. - Dressed up warm
Two girls dressed up in winter coats with fur and muffs - De Bacqueville
A method of flying was suggested as long ago as 1744, by the inventor De Bacqueville; his plan was to fix four planes or wings to his hands and feet, and then propel himself through the air by vigorous motions of his arms, and kickings of his legs. He made a flight from a balcony overlooking a river, but finished his trial ingloriously by falling into a barge. Such schemes, indeed, were doomed to failure; and they are only interesting because they show how, even in those far-off days, men were ready to risk their lives in attempts to conquer the air. - Cupid in the love boat
Cupid in the love boat - Cupid and the lovebirds
Cupid and the lovebirds - Crucifixion of Christ
Trial proof of the key block of center sheet of The Crucifixion, after Tintoretto. National Gallery of Art (Rosenwald Collection). - Crucifixion
Crucifixion of Christ - Childs Song
The King and the Queen were riding Upon a Summer's day, And a Blackbird flew above them, To hear what they did say. The King said he liked apples, The Queen said she liked pears. And what shall we do to the Blackbird Who listens unawares. - Children playing
Children playing - Cake
Little boy eating some cake while his dog looks on - Brahma
Brahma - Boots, Boots, Boots
Boots, Boots, Boots Buster’s got a popper gun, A reg’lar one that shoots, And Teddy’s got an engine With a whistler that toots. But I’ve got something finer yet— A pair of rubber boots. Oh, it’s boots, boots, boots, A pair of rubber boots! I could walk from here to China In a pair of rubber boots. - Besnier’s Apparatus
Of the devices suggested [for man to fly] many showed ingenuity; and some were quaint, in view of what we know of flight to-day. In the machine, for instance, designed by an experimenter named Besnier—who was a locksmith by trade—there were four lifting planes, closing on the up-stroke and opening on the down, and these the operator was to flap by the use of his hands and feet. - Ball
Ball One—two, is one to you: One—two—three, is one to me. Throw it fast or not at all, And mind you do not let it fall. - At School
Girls sitting on a bench at school reading - Airliners of the future
By the use of such a machine as this, twenty years hence, we shall be able to spend a week-end in New York, as we do now in Paris or Scotland. Flying at immense heights, and at speeds of 200 miles an hour, these huge aircraft—carrying hundreds of passengers in vibrationless luxury—will pass from London to New York in less than twenty hours. - Ader’s 'Avion'
Ader next turned to steam-driven craft, and built a series of queer, bat-like machines, which he called “Avions,” one of which is illustrated in Fig. 16. Its wings were built up lightly and with great strength by means of hollow wooden spars, and had a span of 54 feet, being deeply arched. The whole machine weighed 1100 lbs., and was thus far smaller and lighter than Maxim’s mighty craft. To propel it, Ader used a couple of horizontal, compound steam engines, which gave 20 h.p. each and drew the machine through the air by means of two 4-bladed screws. The craft was controlled by altering the inclination of its wings, and also by a rudder, the pilot sitting in a carriage below the planes. In 1890, after its inventor had spent a large sum of money, the machine—which, unlike those of Phillips and Maxim, ran upon wheels and was free to rise—did actually make a flight, or rather a leap into the air, covering a distance of about fifty yards. But then, on coming into contact with the ground again, it was wrecked. Ader’s experiments were regarded by the French Government as being so important that he received a grant equalling £20,000 to assist him in continuing his tests; and this goes to show how, even from the first, the French nation was—by reason of its enthusiasm and imagination—able to appreciate what its inventors were striving to attain, and eager to encourage them in their quest. - A girl and her sister
An older girl walking with her little sister hand in hand - A
A - 3 Wise men
Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judaea in the days of Herod the king, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem