- Fossil collecting Equipment
- Saurischian dinosaurs - Brontosaurus
- Fossil starfishes, crinoids, and holothurian sclerites
- The Pitfall
- Two extinct attached echinoderms
- Cenozoic mammals - Dinobastis
- Cenozoic mammals - Entelodont
- Swimming Reptiles - Mosasaur
- Ornithischian dinosaurs - Paleoscincus
- Fossil plants—tracheophytes
- Type of Huts suggested by Aurignacian drawings
- Round-headed Ofnet Man
- Flying dinosaurs - Rhamphorhynchus
- Fossil Identificaton Chart - I Radial Symmetry
- Cenozoic mammals - Glyptodon
- Types of symmetry in a fossil coral
- Typical Texas Foraminifera
- Cenozoic mammals - Woolly Mammothjpg
- Cenozoic mammals - Woolly Rhinoceros
- Typical Pennsylvanian crinoidal limestone
- Spears and Harpoons
- Shaft-straightening
- Cenozoic mammals - Pliohippus
- Typical radiolarians
- The Cro-Magnon Man
- Cotylosaur
- Bilateral symmetry in fossil brachiopod
- Cretaceous cephalopods
- Cenozoic mammals - Mylodonjpg
- Type of Huts suggested by Magdalenian drawings 2
- Dendrites—a typical pseudofossil
- Sketch of a gastrolith—the gizzard stone of an ancient reptile
These highly polished well-rounded stones (gastrolith) are believed to have been used in the stomachs of reptiles for grinding the food into smaller pieces. Large numbers of these “stomach stones” have been found with the remains of certain types of dinosaurs. - Sketch of a coprolite—fossilized animal excrement
Coprolites are fossil dung or body waste. These objects can provide valuable information as to the food habits or anatomical structure of the animal that made them. - Flying dinosaurs - Pteranodon
- Mammoth
- Great Extinct Bul
Skull of the great extinct Bull, the Bos primigenius, or the Urus, or Aurochs. The measurement from one horn tip to the other taken round the curves, was in some cases eight feet. The Urus stood in rare instances as much as seven feet at the shoulder; a fair-sized elephant stands nine feet. - Machairodus, the Sabre-toothed Tiger
- The Toxodon
The skeleton of a gigantic extinct rat-like animal - the Toxodon - from the Argentine, South America. Length from the snout to the tail, nine feet. - Cenozoic mammals - Canis Dirus
- Leg of a Horse Compared with that of the Giant Moa
- Bronze Age Implements
Bronze Age Implements - Skull of Phororhacos Compared with that of the Race-horse Lexington
- Diagram to Illustrate the Riddle of The Piltdown Sub-man.
Diagram to Illustrate the Riddle of The Piltdown Sub-man. - Neolithic Implements
Finally, perhaps as early as 3000 years ago in Europe, and even{v1-107} earlier in Asia Minor, men began to smelt iron. Once smelting was known to men, there is no great marvel in the finding of iron. They smelted iron by blowing up a charcoal fire, and wrought it by heating and hammering. They produced it at first in comparatively small pieces; its appearance worked a gradual revolution{v1-108} in weapons and implements; but it did not suffice to change the general character of men’s surroundings. Much the same daily life that was being led by the more settled Neolithic men 10,000 years ago was being led by peasants in out-of-the-way places all over Europe at the beginning of the eighteenth century. People talk of the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age in Europe, but it is misleading to put these ages as if they were of equal importance in history. Much truer is it to say that there was: (1) An Early Palæolithic Age, of vast duration; (2) a Later Palæolithic Age, that lasted not a tithe of the time; and (3) the Age of Cultivation, the age of the white men in Europe, which began 10,000 or at most 12,000 years ago, of which the Neolithic Period was the beginning, and which is still going on. - Some Oligocene Mammals
Some Oligocene Mammals - The Horned Ceratosaurus, a Carnivorous Dinosaur
- The Mammoth as Engraved by a Primitive Artist on a Piece of Mammoth Tusk
- Skeleton of the Modern Horse and of His Eocene Ancestor
- Skull of Ceratosaurus
- Skeleton of the Mammoth in the Royal Museum of St. Petersburg
- Young Hoactzins
- The Three Giants, Phororhacos, Moa, Ostrich
- Time-chart 6000 B.C. to A.D.
Time-chart 6000 B.C. to A.D. - The Development of the Horse
- A Hind Leg of the Great Brontosaurus, the Largest of the Dinosaurs
- A Single Vertebra of Brontosaurus
- Tooth of Mastodon and of Mammoth
- Carvings
Carvings in Ivory (1 and 3–7) and in Stone of Cavern Walls (2), made by the Hunters of the Middle Stone Age - Head of the early ancestor of elephants
Head of the early ancestor of elephants—Meritherium—as it appeared in life. Observe the absence of a trunk and the enlarged front tooth in the upper jaw, which is converted in later members of the elephant-stock or line of descent into the great tusk. (After a drawing by Prof. Osborne.) - Early Pleistocene Animals, Contemporary with Earliest Man
Geologists make certain main divisions of the Cainozoic period, and it will be convenient to name them here and to indicate their climate. First comes the Eocene (dawn of recent life), an age of exceptional warmth in the world’s history, subdivided into an older and newer Eocene; then the Oligocene (but little of recent life), in which the climate was still equable. The Miocene (with living species still in a minority) was the great age of mountain building, and the general temperature was falling. In the Pliocene (more living than extinct species), climate was very much at its present phase; but with the Pleistocene (a great majority of living species) there set in a long period of extreme conditions—it was the Great Ice Age.