- The Aerodrome
Langley built his plane without much difficulty, but could not find anyone to make an engine large enough for it. Finally, Charles Manley, an expert engineer, asked for permission to build the engine. Manley’s engine was a five-cylinder, radial gasoline engine that developed 51 horsepower and was far ahead of its time. It was years before American radial engines were used successfully in airplanes. Professor Langley called his machine the Aerodrome, and by October, 1903, the plane was ready for its test flight, with Manley to guide it. The Aerodrome was to be launched from a catapulting platform built on the roof of a houseboat. The houseboat was anchored on the Potomac River near Washington. As it left the platform the machine crashed into the river, and the trial was a dismal failure. The newspapers and the public ridiculed Langley, but he and Manley, who was unhurt in the crash, repaired the machine for another trial. This test took place on December 8, 1903, and again the Aerodrome crashed into the river. Manley once more escaped injury, but Langley and the government were abused by the public for wasting money. Langley was out of money himself, the government could not furnish funds for further trials, so the experiments were ended. The professor, discouraged and brokenhearted, gave up. - Callowhill St. House where B. F. Pitezel’s Body was Found
Callowhill St. House where B. F. Pitezel’s Body was Found - Benjamin F. Pitizel
Benjamin F. Pitizel - Mrs Pitezel
Mrs Pitezel - Holmes burning Pitezel’s clothing in Callowhill Street house
Holmes burning Pitezel’s clothing in Callowhill Street house - Gladiolus psittacinus
Gladiolus psittacinus - Nellie Pitezel
Nellie Pitezel - Adenium multiflorum
Adenium multiflorum - Howard Pitezel
Howard Pitezel - Alice Pitezel
Alice Pitezel - Gardenia globosa
Gardenia globosa - Clivia miniata
Clivia miniata - Haemanthus natalensis
Haemanthus natalensis - Cyrtanthus obliquus
Cyrtanthus obliquus - Agapanthus Umbellatus
Agapanthus Umbellatus - Holmes’ “Castle” Chicago
Holmes’ “Castle” Chicago - Richardia angustiloba
Richardia angustiloba - Aloe pretoriensis
Aloe pretoriensis - Cyrtanthus rotundilobus
Cyrtanthus rotundilobus - Mimetes palustris
Mimetes palustris - Sarcocaulon rigidum
Sarcocaulon rigidum - Cyrtanthus sanguineus
Cyrtanthus sanguineus - Ceropegia Rendallii
Ceropegia Rendallii - Crassula falcata
Cyrtanthus Angustifolius - Nymphaea stellata
Nymphaea stellata - Gerbera Jamesoni
Gerbera Jamesoni - Clerodendron triphyllum
Clerodendron triphyllum - Freesia refracta
Freesia refracta - Aloe Pienaarii
Aloe Pienaarii - Streptocarpus Dunnii
Streptocarpus Dunnii - Richardia Rehmanni
Richardia Rehmanni - Emeline Cigrand
Emeline Cigrand - Ceropegia Meyeri
Ceropegia Meyeri - Arctotis Decurrens
Arctotis Decurrens - Cyrtanthus McKenii
Cyrtanthus McKenii - Cyrtanthus Angustifolius
- Leucadendron Stokoei
Leucadendron Stokoei - Ethiopian Noble Lady
- Senecio stapeliaeformis
Senecio stapeliaeformis - Orothamnus Zeyheri
Orothamnus Zeyheri - Gladiolus Rehmanni
Gladiolus Rehmanni - Bolusanthus speciosus
Bolusanthus speciosus - The Four forces of flight
after testing more than 200 wing designs and plane surfaces in their wind tunnel, the Wright Brothers found out how to figure correctly the amount of curve, or camber, that was essential to weight-carrying wings. They discovered, too, that before man could be flown through the air, he must have his wings attached firmly to a body or platform which was firm and controllable. The Wrights in their earliest experiments had realized that to be practical their machine must be built not only to fly in a straight line, but also in order that it could be steered to the right or to the left. One day, Orville was twisting a cardboard box in his hand when Wilbur noticed it. Immediately he saw the solution to the problem of steering their airplane. The result was a design which changed the lift of either end of the wing by warping its surface. If one end of the wing was warped to give it more lift, the machine would lift on that side and fall off into a turn. Thus the problem of steering was solved by the Wrights - Stapelia Gettleffii
Stapelia Gettleffii - Later Costume of Ethiopian Nobles
- Nannie Williams
Nannie Williams - Protea abyssinica
Protea abyssinica - Aloe Globuligemma
Aloe Globuligemma - Leucadendron Stokoei
Leucadendron Stokoei - Pachypodium succulentum
Pachypodium succulentum - Title frame
Title frame - Acokanthera spectabilis
Acokanthera spectabilis - Wright Brothers' Bicycle shop
Out in Dayton, Ohio, there were two small brothers, who dreamed, as countless other children before them had dreamed, of flying like birds through the air. Their dreams were heightened by a small toy given to them by their father, the pastor of a local church. This toy was to lead to an idea which had a profound effect on the world. You would probably call it a flying propeller. It consisted of a wooden propeller which slipped over a notched stick. By placing a finger against the propeller and rapidly pushing it up the notched stick, the propeller was made to whirl up off the end of the stick and fly into the air. The brothers, young as they were, never quite forgot this little toy as they continued to dream of flying like birds through the air. Though the brothers continued to dream of flying, they were not the kind of lads who spent all their time in dreaming. They made kites which flew a little better and a little higher than those made by the other boys in the neighborhood. They built a press to print their own little newspaper, and they dabbled in woodcuts. To carve out porch posts for their father’s home they built an eight-foot wood-turning lathe. Indeed, they were the sort of boys who caused the neighbors to say, “What will they think of next?” The brothers knew that if they ever wanted to see their dreams come true they must earn their own capital. In the early nineties America was in the midst of the bicycle craze. Everyone who could possibly afford to do so owned a bicycle of some sort and belonged to a cycle club. Being mechanically minded, the brothers did the logical thing. They set themselves up in a small bicycle shop in Dayton, next door to their home. The bicycle shop in Dayton prospered, for the brothers were careful and expert mechanics, and cyclists in need of repairs made their way to the Wright Brothers’ shop. - Moraea iridioides
Moraea iridioides - Tulbaghia violacea
Tulbaghia violacea - Wright Brotherrs wind tunnel
The Wright Brothers were not only inspired mechanics (as many people still believe today) but serious scientists, working along the soundest lines. In their keen desire to know what air pressure on wings really was, they cleared a corner of their bicycle shop and built a small wind tunnel with spare lumber and an old electric fan. They built small wing sections of various shapes and experimented with them in their wind tunnel. The electric fan was used to create the moving air around the wing section. By attaching the wing sections to a supporting frame and connecting the frame with a pointer and dial, they were able to keep a record of the effect of moving air on each experimental wing section. Through their wind tunnel research the Wright Brothers discovered the four forces that control all heavier-than-air flight: lift, thrust, weight, and drag. - Plan of the Castle of Arques
ARQUES is one of the earliest examples of a Norman castle, for which reason, though not an English fortress, it has been thought convenient to include an account of it in these pages. This grand castle crowns and occupies the head of a steep and bold cape or promontory, in this case a spur from the great chalk table-land of the “Pays de Caux.” On the west it is flanked by a short but deep combe or dry valley, and on the east by the deeper and far wider valley of the Bethune and Varenne—streams derived from different sources, but which here meander across a broad and level bottom, above half a mile wide, until, a little below the castle, uniting, they receive the tributary Aulne, and, thus combined, under the name of “la Rivière d’Arques,” fall into the sea at the port of Dieppe. A. Keep. B. Inner Ward. C. Outer Ward. D. Walls of Le Bel. E. Old Ditch. F. Glacis. G. New Ditch. H. Norman Gate. I. South Gate. K. Barbican. L. North Gate. a. Galleries. - The Keep of Barnard Castle
The outer ditch of the place, also the town ditch, commenced in a deep ravine close north of the keep, and was carried along the north front, skirting what are called “the Flats”; thence along the east front, between the wall and the town, and thence round the south end, and so beneath a part of the west front, until it is lost in the steep ground near the bridge, having been altogether nearly 700 yards in length. - Plan of Barnard Castle
BARNARD, or Bernard’s, Castle, so called from its founder, Bernard de Baliol, stands in a commanding position on the left bank of the Tees, here the boundary between Durham and Yorkshire. It is a large castle, and was long a very important one, both from its position on the frontier of the bishopric, and from the power of the great barons who built and maintained it. A. Inner Ward. B. Middle Ward. C. Town Ward. D. Outer Ward. E. North Gate. F. Brackenbury’s Tower. G. Round Tower. - Egyptian king
Egyptian king