- A Family Wash
A Gypsy family washing in the river - A Gypsy Girl
A gypsy girl lights a gypsy mans cigarette - A Haymaker
A Haymaker - A Hungarian Ferry
A Hungarian Ferry - A Lady at Play
The court of France was, at this period, the most depraved in morals, the grossest and most unpolished in manners, of any in Europe. The women of the bourgeoisie, envious of the great ladies, called them dames à gorge nue; and the latter retaliated by designating the women of the people as grisettes, because of their gray (grises) stockings,—a name retained almost down to the present day. In the sittings of the États Généraux, the President, Miron, complained bitterly of the excesses of the nobility, the contempt for justice, the open violences, the gambling, the extravagance, the constant duels, the "execrable oaths with which they thought it proper to ornament their usual discourse." - A Little Girl of Hainburg
A Little Girl of Hainburg - A Sprinkle or Hand-Flail of bronze
From the Museum of Mitau in Courland - An Ark-boat
An Ark-boat - Black Forest Cow Team
Black Forest Cow Team - Bookcases in the library of the University of Leiden
Another device for combining desk with shelf is to be seen at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and, as these cases were set up after 1626, we have here a curious instance of a deliberate return to ancient forms. There is evidence that there once existed below the shelf a second desk, which could be drawn in and out as required, so that a reader could stand or sit as he pleased, as you will see from the next illustration. The University of Leiden in Holland adopted a modification of this design, for there the shelf is above the desk, and readers could only stand to use the books - Building a House in Servia
Black Forest Cow Team - Bulgarian Bozaji, Belgrade
Even the hissing of frying fat in the numerous cook-shops seemed hushed for the time; the vender of kukurutz (green corn on the ear) slept in a shadow; and the Bulgarian bozaji, selling slightly fermented maize beer, alone broke the drowsy silence with his mournful cries. - Bulgarian Buffalo Cart
Bulgarian Buffalo Cart - Bulgarian Fisherman Basket-making
Bulgarian Fisherman Basket-making - Carillon, Netherlands
The idea of forming of a number of bells a musical instrument such as the carillon is said by some to have suggested itself first to the English and Dutch; but what we have seen in Asiatic countries sufficiently refutes this. Moreover, not only the Romans employed variously arranged and attuned bells, but also among the Etruscan antiquities an instrument has been discovered which is constructed of a number of bronze vessels placed in a row on a metal rod. Numerous bells, varying in size and tone, have also been found in Etruscan tombs. Among the later contrivances of this kind in European countries the sets of bells suspended in a wooden frame, which we find in mediæval illuminations, deserve notice. In the British museum is a manuscript of the fourteenth century in which king David is depicted holding in each hand a hammer with which he strikes upon bells of different dimensions, suspended on a wooden stand. - Central Europe, 1648
Central Europe, 1648 - Chaining of Books
The system of chaining, as adopted in this country, would allow of the books being readily taken down from the shelves, and laid on the desk for reading. One end of the chain was attached to the middle of the upper edge of the right-hand board; the other to a ring which played on a bar set in front of the shelf on which the book stood. The fore-edge of the books, not the back, was turned forwards. A swivel, usually in the middle of the chain, prevented tangling. The chains varied in length according to the distance of the shelf from the desk. The bar was kept in place by a rather elaborate system of iron-work attached to the end of the bookcase, and secured by a lock which often required two keys—that is, the presence of two officials—to open it. To illustrate this I will shew you a sketch of one of the bookcases in Hereford Cathedral. - Country Market-boat, Budapest
Country Market-boat, Budapest - Crossing the Weir—Rottenacker
Crossing the Weir—Rottenacker - Divining Rod
I believe that the imagination is the principal motive force in those who use the divining rod; but whether it is so solely, I am unable to decide. The powers of nature are so mysterious and inscrutable that we must be cautious in limiting them, under abnormal conditions, to the ordinary laws of experience. - Donaueschingen Girls
Donaueschingen Girls - Dredging the Delta
Dredging the Delta - Empire of Otto the Great
Empire of Otto the Great - Europe after the Congress of Vienna
Europe after the Congress of Vienna - Europe and Asia, 1200
Europe and Asia, 1200 - Europe at the Death of Charlemagne
Europe at the Death of Charlemagne - Europe at the Fall of Constantinople
Europe at the Fall of Constantinople - Europe in 1714
Europe in 1714 - Europe in the Time of Charles V
Europe in the Time of Charles V - Europe, 500 A.D.
Europe, 500 A.D. - European Trade Routes in the 14th Century
European Trade Routes in the 14th Century - Finns Singing.
The Finns love song and poetry. It is said that every village has one poet, or more, and that he prepares a new song whenever aught of importance occurs. Besides these new songs they have many ancient songs, of which they never tire. When they sing the songs of the olden time, two men seat themselves face to face upon a bench, join hands, and rock backward and forward in time to the song. First one sings a line or passage, and then the other repeats the same, and so they continue, rocking back and forth and singing the whole night through. Sometimes a third man plays upon the kantele, while the others sing. This kantele is somewhat like a zither; it has a flat sounding-body upon which are strung from three to eight strings of different lengths. It is usually picked with the fingers like a guitar. It is said that the first kantele was made of fish-bones, though it is not easy to see how that could be. - Germany after the Peace Treaty, 1919
Germany after the Peace Treaty, 1919 - Gossips, Hundsheim
At the post-office, where we went to buy our first Hungarian stamps, the gossiping old postmaster and his wife—characters not unfamiliar in the rural offices in other countries—were so overwhelmed by the extent of our requirements and the number of our letters that the wheels of official machinery refused to work at all. After they had carefully read all the addresses, and had marvelled long at the range of our correspondence, we succeeded in communicating to their dazed senses the fact that we wanted to buy a stock of stamps of various denominations. - Group of Western Lyres
Group of Western Lyres - Hohenzollern
Hohenzollern Castle - Hungarian Girls at Bezdán
Hungarian Girls at Bezdán - In Sunday Dress, Monostorszég
In Sunday Dress, Monostorszég - King or Chief of Franks armed with the Seramasax, from a Miniature of the Ninth Century
When the Franks took root in Gaul, their dress and institutions were adopted by the Roman society. This had the most disastrous influence in every point of view, and it is easy to prove that civilisation did not emerge from this chaos until by degrees the Teutonic spirit disappeared from the world. As long as this spirit reigned, neither private nor public liberty existed. Individual patriotism only extended as far as the border of a man's family, and the nation became broken up into clans. Gaul soon found itself parcelled off into domains which were almost independent of one another. It was thus that Germanic genius became developed. - Knights
Knights and Men-at-arms cased in Mail, in the Reign of Louis le Gros, from a Miniature in a Psalter written towards the End of the Twelfth Century. - Laplander on Snow-runners
They have caps on their heads, and fishermen and herders may be distinguished by the style of these. Fishermen’s caps are pointed, while those of herders are square. In going out over the snow in winter, Lapps have long, narrow runners of wood fastened to their feet, and carry a pole in their hand. These runners are five feet or more in length, and only a few inches wide, and on them—aided by their poles—the Lapps glide along finely over the hard snow. - Loading Grain at Braila
Loading Grain at Braila - Lumber Raft
Lumber Raft - Map of Europe, 1848-1871
Map of Europe, 1848-1871 - Map of Europe, 500 A.D.
Map of Europe, 500 A.D. - Map of Europe, Asia, Africa 15,000 Years Ago
Map of Europe, Asia, Africa 15,000 Years Ago - Max Schneckenburger
In the late afternoon we floated out of the sweet air of the meadows into a stratum of effluvia from the tanneries of Tuttlingen, and but for the fact that the town claims as its hero Max Schneckenburger, the author of the words of “Die Wacht am Rhein” who was educated here in his youth, and for the more cogent reason of hunger, we probably should have paddled past the town without pausing longer than to admire some of its architectural features. - Moldavian Peasants
Moldavian Peasants - Mosque in Silistria
Mosque in Silistria - Nuns at Riedlingen
Under other circumstances we would have spent a day or more at Riedlingen, where we found most interesting architecture along the river-front and saw a party of nuns at work in a hay-field. We had a little more social success with them than we did with their coreligionists, the monks at Beuron, for they turned their great, cool, flapping head-dresses in our direction, and actually seemed temporarily interested in our canoes, and in us as well. - On the Tile-boat
On the Tile-boat - Our Guard
“Our Guard,” Servian Militia Camp - Peasant Girl of the Black Forest
Peasant Girl of the Black Forest - Peasant Girl, Thieben
Peasant Girl, Thieben carrying a tall load on her back - Peasant Girls Mowing
Peasant Girls Mowing - Peasant Wagon, Hainburg
Peasant Wagon, Hainburg - Peasants of the Delta
Peasants of the Delta - Positions of the Hands on Divining Rods
From “Lettres qui découvrent l’Illusion des Philosophes sur la Baguette.” Paris, 1693 - Pump at Pöchlarn
Woman standing in front of the Pump at Pöchlarn - Returning from Market
Woman returning from market pushing a barrow with empty baskets