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- Suger, after a stained glass window from Saint-Denis
- The Krak Castle. Current state
- Seal of Henry I
- Seal of the municipality of Fismes
- Street and apse of Saints John and Paul, in Rome
- San Bartolommeo in Isola, in Rome
- Seal of Celestin III, like the apostles
- Seal of Henri Plantagenet
- Saint Louis transporting the relics of the Passion to the Sainte-Chapelle
- Saint Louis, after a wooden statuette from the Cluny museum
- Qala'at El-Hosn
Qala'at El-Hosn - Rome dominating the world.
- Ruins of Gaillard castle
- Ornate page from the Evangéliaire de Saint-Vaast
- Philippe de Valois, after his seal
- Philippe le Bold, son of Saint Louis, after his tombstone
- Interior facade of the old St. Peter's Church in the Vatican
- Knight of around 1220, from the Villard de Honnecour album
- La Ziza, palace of the Norman and Swabian kings of Sicily, near Palermo
- Germanic costume (5th-8th century)
- Former Constantinian Basilica of Saint Peter. Restitution
- Gautier Bardins, bailiff and adviser to the king in the 13th century, according to his tombstone
- Geoffroy Plantagenet
- Empress Theodora
- Enamelled copper stock. The Annunciation. Limoges, 13th century
- Enamelled copper vase by G. Alpaïs de Limoges
- Emperor Lothaire
- Emperor Otton III, after a miniature from the Evangelist of Bamberg
- Crown of Charlemagne, kept in the imperial treasury of Vienna
- Emperor Anastasius in consular costume
- Emperor Justinian and his court - Mosaic of San Vitale, in Ravenna
- Anglo-Norman knight, after a tomb from 1277
- Byzantine enamels from the Limburg reliquary
- An attempt to restore the Krak, according to M. Rey
- Bookcases in the library of the University of Leiden
Another device for combining desk with shelf is to be seen at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and, as these cases were set up after 1626, we have here a curious instance of a deliberate return to ancient forms. There is evidence that there once existed below the shelf a second desk, which could be drawn in and out as required, so that a reader could stand or sit as he pleased, as you will see from the next illustration. The University of Leiden in Holland adopted a modification of this design, for there the shelf is above the desk, and readers could only stand to use the books - Chaining of Books
The system of chaining, as adopted in this country, would allow of the books being readily taken down from the shelves, and laid on the desk for reading. One end of the chain was attached to the middle of the upper edge of the right-hand board; the other to a ring which played on a bar set in front of the shelf on which the book stood. The fore-edge of the books, not the back, was turned forwards. A swivel, usually in the middle of the chain, prevented tangling. The chains varied in length according to the distance of the shelf from the desk. The bar was kept in place by a rather elaborate system of iron-work attached to the end of the bookcase, and secured by a lock which often required two keys—that is, the presence of two officials—to open it. To illustrate this I will shew you a sketch of one of the bookcases in Hereford Cathedral. - King or Chief of Franks armed with the Seramasax, from a Miniature of the Ninth Century
When the Franks took root in Gaul, their dress and institutions were adopted by the Roman society. This had the most disastrous influence in every point of view, and it is easy to prove that civilisation did not emerge from this chaos until by degrees the Teutonic spirit disappeared from the world. As long as this spirit reigned, neither private nor public liberty existed. Individual patriotism only extended as far as the border of a man's family, and the nation became broken up into clans. Gaul soon found itself parcelled off into domains which were almost independent of one another. It was thus that Germanic genius became developed. - Knights
Knights and Men-at-arms cased in Mail, in the Reign of Louis le Gros, from a Miniature in a Psalter written towards the End of the Twelfth Century. - Map of Europe, 500 A.D.
Map of Europe, 500 A.D. - Map of Europe, Asia, Africa 15,000 Years Ago
Map of Europe, Asia, Africa 15,000 Years Ago - The Western Mediterranean, 800-600 B.C.
The Western Mediterranean, 800-600 B.C. - The World According to Eratosthenes, 200 B.C.
The World According to Eratosthenes, 200 B.C. - Central Europe, 1648
Central Europe, 1648 - Empire of Otto the Great
Empire of Otto the Great - Europe after the Congress of Vienna
Europe after the Congress of Vienna - Europe and Asia, 1200
Europe and Asia, 1200 - Europe at the Death of Charlemagne
Europe at the Death of Charlemagne - Europe at the Fall of Constantinople
Europe at the Fall of Constantinople - Europe in 1714
Europe in 1714 - Europe in the Time of Charles V
Europe in the Time of Charles V - Europe, 500 A.D.
Europe, 500 A.D. - European Trade Routes in the 14th Century
European Trade Routes in the 14th Century - Germany after the Peace Treaty, 1919
Germany after the Peace Treaty, 1919 - Map of Europe, 1848-1871
Map of Europe, 1848-1871 - The Western Front, 1915-18
The Western Front, 1915-18 For a year and a half, until July, 1916, the Western front remained in a state of indecisive tension. There were heavy attacks on either side that ended in bloody repulses. The French made costly{v2-517} but glorious thrusts at Arras and in Champagne in 1915, the British at Loos. - The First Crusade
They came by diverse routes from France, Normandy, Flanders, England, Southern Italy, and Sicily, and the will and power of them were the Normans. They crossed the Bosphorus and captured Nicæa, which Alexius snatched away from them before they could loot it. They then went on by much the same route as Alexander the Great, through the Cilician Gates, leaving the Turks in Konia unconquered, past the battle-fields of the Issus, and so to Antioch, which they took after nearly a year’s siege. Then they defeated a great relieving army from Mosul. A large part of the Crusaders remained in Antioch, a smaller force under Godfrey of Bouillon (in Belgium) went on to Jerusalem. “After a little more than a month’s siege, the city was finally captured (July 15). The slaughter was terrible; the blood of the conquered ran down the streets, until men splashed in blood as they rode. At nightfall, ‘sobbing for excess of joy,’ the crusaders came to the Sepulchre from their treading of the wine-press, and put their blood-stained hands together in prayer. So, on that day of July, the First Crusade came to an end.” - The Natural Political Map of Europe
It is worth while for the reader to compare the treaty maps we give with what we have called the natural political map of Europe. The new arrangements do approach this latter more closely than any previous system of boundaries. It may be a necessary preliminary to any satisfactory league of peoples, that each people should first be in something like complete possession of its own household. - The Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland - The Trail of Napoleon
Showing the chief places of importance in his life - The Turkish Treaty, 1920
The Turkish Treaty, 1920