- A Bleriot Sea-plane
England, in the building and handling of sea-planes has come well to the fore, and our machines are more advanced than those of other countries. The Admiralty has recognised that, acting as a coastal scout in time of war, such craft would be of the utmost value; thus we find air-stations dotted round our seaboard, from which machines may fly in a regular patrol. By the employment of hundreds of craft, operating upon a well-ordered plan, it will be possible in the future to girdle our shores completely; and such machines would not only spy out the approach of an enemy’s fleet, but give battle to hostile aeroplanes or airships which might seek to pass inland. The type of machine we have just described was a biplane, but there are monoplane sea-craft, and a Bleriot fitted for alighting upon the water is shown. - An Avro Sea-Plane
The sea-plane, when a flight is made, is launched upon the water down a slipway; then the pilot and his passenger embark, the motor is started, and the propeller draws the machine across the water at a rapidly increasing pace. The floats raise themselves higher and higher upon the water, as the air-planes exercise a growing lift, until they only just skim the surface. And now comes the moment when the airman, drawing back his elevating lever, seeks to raise his craft from the water into the air. At first only the front of the floats rise, the rear sections clinging to the surface; then, in another instant, the whole float frees itself from the water in a scatter of spray, and the craft glides at a gently-sloping angle into the air. It is the aim of builders, by the curve they impart, to make the floats leave the water with as little resistance as possible. In the floats of the Avro will be noticed a notch, or cut-away section, which occurs at about the centre of the float upon its lower side. This is called a “step,” and is to help the float to lift from the water. When the main-planes draw upward, as the craft moves prior to its flight, the floats tend, as has been said, to raise themselves in the water; and as they do so, lifting first towards the bow, there comes a space between the upward-cut “step” and the surface of the water. Into this space air finds its way and, by helping still further to free the float from the surface, aids greatly at the moment when the pilot—operating his hand-lever—seeks the final lift which will carry him aloft. A. Propeller B. 100-h.p. Gnome motor, hidden by shield C. Main-planes D. Observer’s seat E. Pilot’s seat F. Rudder G. Elevating-plane H. Float to support tail I. Main floats to bear the weight of the machine. - The Roe Triplane
An experimenter who braved this apathy and won his way until he became a constructor of aircraft, was Mr. A. V. Roe. For some time he was an advocate of the triplane form of machine—a craft, that is to say, with three main-planes fitted one above another. The machine with which he obtained flights, although they were very brief, is seen in the figure. Subsequently, however, Mr. Roe adopted the biplane form. His distinction in the pioneer days was that he managed to make his triplane lift into the air and fly a short distance, with the aid of a motor-cycle engine developing no more than 9 h.p. A.A.A. Three main-planes B. Motor C. Four-bladed propeller D.D.D. Triplane tail E. Rudder F. Landing gear. - Ship saved by life line thrown from a rescue airship
Ship saved by life line thrown from a rescue airship [Not sure what it did to save the boat] - Sopwith Military Biplane
A machine that has achieved success, owing to its power of varying speed, is the Sopwith military biplane. Adopting a practice that has become general, its wings are fitted upon what is practically a monoplane body. Tail-planes and rudder are the same as in a monoplane. The top main-plane, as will be seen, is set slightly in advance of the lower. The system is called “staggering”; and the idea is that, by placing the upper plane ahead of the lower, the total lifting power will be increased. It has been proved a disadvantage of the biplane that, when the main-planes are placed one above another, there is a slight loss of lift owing to the fact that, acting upon the air as they do quite close to each other, a certain amount of interference occurs between them—one tending to disturb the air-stream in which the other moves. By “staggering” the two planes this interference is overcome; but some makers regard it as a small consideration, and build their planes in the ordinary way, allowing as large a gap as possible between them. In the Sopwith military machine, engine and propeller are in front of the main-planes; then come the places for pilot and observer. The pilot sits first, and the body of the machine is so high that only his head appears above it, while just in front of his face, to deflect the wind-rush from the propeller, there is a raised section of the hull which acts as a screen. Behind the pilot, sitting in a second opening in the hull, is the observer. He has a view forward, rendered the better by setting back the lower-plane; while at the point at which it joins the body of the machine, immediately below him, this plane is hollowed out, so that he can look directly upon the earth below. Small windows are also fitted upon either side of the hull. Through those in front the pilot may glance when descending from a flight, so as to judge his distance from the ground, while the others are utilised by the observer, as he turns to look from side to side. This biplane, and many others, is balanced against sideway roll by ailerons, and not by warping the wings. Constant warping, such as is necessary in the everyday use of machines, has been declared to strain a plane and render it weak; therefore the use of ailerons is now favoured. A. Propeller B. Motor, partly hidden by shield C.C. Main-planes D. Pilot’s seat E. Observer’s seat F. Outlook windows in side of hull G. Rudder H. Elevating-plane I. Landing gear. - Control platform of an Airship
A. Wheels operating elevating-planes and rudder B. Height recorder C. Speaking-tube to communicate with engineers. - Launching a sea-plane from a wire
By another method, shown in figure, the sea-plane is launched from a cable suspended between two masts, and can come to rest upon the cable again after a flight has been made. The machine is hung upon the cable prior to making an ascent; then the pilot starts his engine, and as his machine glides forward along the cable he releases a catch and soars into the air. Upon returning he flies beneath the cable, and makes his craft rise until the “V”-shaped apparatus above his head is caught by the cable and the catch becomes operative; then he stops his motor, and his craft hangs from the cable as it did before. A. Sea-plane B. Cable C. The “V”-shaped apparatus which guides the cable into the clip (D.) and so suspends the machine from the wire. - Early-type Airship
A typical craft, representing the first of those navigated with any certainty, is shown in Figure. A gas-containing envelope, made of a light, strong, varnished fabric, is kept taut by the pressure of the gas within; the car, constructed of wood or metal tubing, is suspended by ropes from the envelope, and contains engine and crew, with a two-bladed propeller revolving astern. Such a machine, in its control, had an elevating-plane and rudder, upon the same principle as those of the aeroplane. One of the difficulties to be overcome was the expansion and contraction of gas in the envelope owing to differences in altitude and temperature. When the craft ascended, its envelope completely inflated, the gas began to dilate owing to the outer air becoming less dense; and some had to be allowed to escape through automatic valves. Then, should the machine descend to a lower level, there was not sufficient gas in the envelope to keep it tightly stretched, and it tended to sag at the bow as it was driven through the air. A. Gas envelope B. Car suspended below envelope C. Motor, which drives propeller (D) through a shaft E. Small horizontal plane for rising or descending F. Fixed fin, or keel plane, to give stability G. Rudder. - Kicking the football
Kicking the football - Players
Players Navy Cut - Hull of a Zeppelin during construction
Hull of a Zeppelin during construction. Craft of the semi-rigid type provide a link between small, non-rigid ships and the very large machine which is built with an entirely rigid framework, and has its example in the Zeppelin. The maker forms a skeleton hull of aluminium or some light metal alloy, a method that is shown in figure. The hull of a Zeppelin, slightly more than 500 feet in length, is sheathed with tightly stretched fabric; and within it are the gas-containers—a row of seventeen separate balloons, each in a compartment by itself, and containing a total of nearly 1,000,000 cubic feet of gas—which give these airships a lifting power of close upon 30 tons. - Ships the British, and the German, navy might have had
Ships the British, and the German, navy might have had! Designs by the Kaiser and other naval theorists. The first illustration on this page is a design for a battle-ship made by the Kaiser in 1893, to replace the old "Preussen," then out of date. The vessel was to carry four large barbettes and a huge umbrella-like fighting-top. Illustration No. 2 is an Immersible Ironclad, designed by a French engineer named Le Grand, in 1862. In action the vessel was to be partly submerged, so that only her three turrets and the top of the armoured glacis would be visible. No. 3 is Admiral Elliott's "Ram," of 1884. The ship was to carry a "crinoline" of stanchions along her water-line, practically a fixed torpedo-net. No. 4 is Thomas Cornish's Invulnerable Ironclad, of 1885. She was to have two separate parallel hulls under water; above she was of turtle-back shape. - Glaxo
The Most Economical Food for your Baby is either Breast Milk or Glaxo - A pylon, or mark-tower, on the flying track
Air-racing, as made popular by the proprietors of the Hendon aerodrome, forms so fascinating a sight that, on a day of public holiday, as many as 50,000 people will assemble in the enclosures. To stand near one of the pylons—wooden towers which mark the turning-points of the course—and see the air-racers come rushing by, is to gain such an impression of speed as almost makes the watcher hold his breath. The pilot in a flying race has one chief aim: to fly the shortest way. Every fraction of a second is of importance; and if he can circle the pylons more skilfully than his rivals, he may win the race, even though his machine—in its actual speed—may be no faster than theirs. - Close on his heels
Boys in gym class - Swerving at intersections
Swerving at intersections - Some types of American and foreign aeroplanes
Some types of American and foreign aeroplanes - The clothing worn during the day should be aired at night
Airing clothing The body must be kept clean; and clothing worn next to it should also be kept clean at night as well as during the day. Who can remember how many pints of water the normal body gives off each day? It loses about three pints in 24 hours. Can you recall what becomes of this waste? Yes, some is evaporated, but some is collected by our clothes; that is why they are soiled as they collect the perspiration and excretions, although often they do not look soiled. The day garments should be hung up at night in a place where they will air and dry out by morning. - Curtiss AT-9
Curtiss AT-9 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Some types of American and foreign aeroplanes
Some types of American and foreign aeroplanes - Pilot and passenger
Pilot and passenger - A mass of wreckage that strikes the deck of one of our warships
German plane crashed into an American warship - Lockheed C-40A
Lockheed C-40A Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Methods to get to the right place in a garage
When putting the car in place in the garage you must also maneuver carefully. The main thing is that you get in your place and as best you can. Too much brio results in broken walls and bent mudguards. If it makes you nervous, this twisting back and forth, feel free to leave it to someone else. It is not everyone's job and it is precisely with this shunting that small causes can have major consequences. [Translated online from the Dutch ] - Curtiss P-40E
Curtiss P-40E Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Boeing B-17E
Boeing B-17E Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Lockheed C60-A
Lockheed C60-A Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Turn Signal
If you have to take a side road on the right, keep your arm stretched out in horizontal direction outside the car. [Translated online from the Dutch ] - Consolidated B-24 D & E
Consolidated B-24 D & E Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Original Wright Biplane
Original Wright Biplane - Parking
When you stop in a street, don't forget to reach out first, as a sign for the vehicle following you. Place your car neatly along the sidewalk, not crooked or in such a way that traffic is obstructed by it. You must intervene two vehicles or cars get into the car, then drive a little further, and then reverse between the cars. Do not drive straight over to the left side of the street, against the traffic, but drive to the right and then turn along the direction of the traffic, until you are in front of the house, where you want to be. [Translated online from the Dutch ] - Douglas C-39
Douglas C-39 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Curtis P-36C
Curtis P-36C Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Curtis O-52
Curtis O-52 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Grumman OA-9
Grumman OA-9 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Automobile Driver
Automobile Driver - Room to pass
It is also important to know, if you have to go through or along somewhere close with your car, what width you need. That can become such a certainty for you that it will look like virtuosity to the uninitiated. It's a matter of routine, of course, but it can be extremely practiced. It must be started with calculating the extreme points of the fenders. Later on, even this aid is often redundant. The best way to learn this is to place two blocks of wood on the ground, or to drive two posts, which are measured just the width of the wagon apart. Riding on that is the means of learning to estimate a narrow passage. Is the width wide enough to pass, but what When measured tight, keep flat on the side of the traffic obstruction, which is on your and steering wheel side. After all, here you can see exactly how close you can get without the risk of a collision. The other side will then be free of itself. [Translated online from the Dutch ] - Lockheed A-29&A
Lockheed A-29&A Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Lockheed P-38D&E
Lockheed P-38D&E Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Douglas C-54A
Douglas C-54A Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Consolidated OA-10
Consolidated OA-10 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Douglas XB-19
Douglas XB-19 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - An aeroplane is a necessity in times of peace
An aeroplane is a necessity in times of peace - Beech AT-10
Beech AT-10 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - The Voisin Biplane - top view
The Voisin Biplane - top view - Republic AT-12
Republic AT-12 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Martin A-30
Martin A-30 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Bell P-39C & D
Bell P-39C & D Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Beech AT-7
Beech AT-7 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - North American O-47A& B
North American O-47A & B Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Naval battle with planes launched from ships
Naval battle with planes launched from ships - Curtiss C-46
Curtiss C-46 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Vultee L-1
Vultee L-1 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Ryan PT-22
Ryan PT-22 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - The Antoinette Monoplane - top view
showing the spread of the planes and tail, and the delicate taper of the long, canoe-shaped body. - North American AT-6A
North American AT-6A Front Side Perspective Bottom Top - Republic P-35
Republic P-35 Front Side Perspective Bottom Top