- Vertical section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura mater
Vertical section of the skull - Vertical section of skin
- Venice, 1496, showing the ventricles of the brain
Venice, 1496, showing the ventricles of the brain - Upper surface, bones of foot
- Title-page of Mellerstadt’s edition of the Anatomy of Mondino, Leipzig, 1493. The scene is laid in the open air
Title-page of Mellerstadt’s edition of the Anatomy of Mondino, Leipzig, 1493. The scene is laid in the open air - The Surface of the Left Cerebral Hemisphere, Cerebellum,and Medulla Oblongata.
Sensory areas are enclosed by broken lines; certain centres in the association-zones are marked by dots. The sensory area of smell is on the inner aspect of the brain; so also is the area of vision which borders the calcarine and retrocalcarine fissures, and only rarely extends on to the external surface, as shown in the diagram. The sensory area of hearing is largely hidden within the fossa of Sylvius, the opening into which is indicated by the dark line above it. The kinæsthetic-sensory areas for the various muscles of the body occupy the territory between the dotted line in front and the bottom of the fissure of Rolando behind. They do not extend on to the posterior wall of this fissure. It is impossible at present to define the boundaries of any of the centres in the association-zones. - The Spine
- The spinal column
- The Skull
- The skeleton
- The skeleton
- The Salivary Glands
- The root of the left lung
- The right auricle and ventricle laid open
- The ribs removed, showing relation of thoracic to abdominal viscera
- The Retina in Vertical Section
A, after Exposure to Bright Light; B, After Resting in the Dark. The arrow shows the direction in which light traverses the retina. C, Retinal epithelium, with its pigmented fringe. 1, Layer of rods and cones, separated by the external limiting membrane from 2, the layer of the nuclei of the rods and cones. 3, The ganglion-cells of the retina, which are homologous with the cells of the afferent root of a spinal nerve. Their peripheral axons ramify beneath the sensory epithelium (rods and cones and their nucleus-bearing segments), their central axons in 4, the inner molecular layer. D, Collecting cells on the front of the retina; a a a, their axons which conduct impulses to the brain; b, an efferent fibre from the brain. - The regions of the abdomen and their contents
- The principal arteries and veins of the body
- The New Method of Artificial Breathing
- The Nervous System
- The natural and artificial positions of the foot
- The Microcosm
The idea of a close parallelism between the structure of man and of the wider universe was gradually abandoned by the scientific, while among the unscientific it degenerated and became little better than an insane obsession. As such it appears in the ingenious ravings of the English follower of Paracelsus, the Rosicrucian, Robert Fludd, who reproduced, often with fidelity, the systems which had some novelty five centuries before his time. - The layers of the head
The layers of the head - The Heart cut in the Plane of its Long Axis, and the Vessels which open into and out of it
Chordæ tendineæ attach the margins of the auriculo-ventricular valves to musculi papillares which project from the inner aspect of each ventricle. - The Growth and Migration of Granules of the Cerebellum
Half a dozen nuclei of as yet undeveloped granules are seen lying beneath the pia mater. From this level to the bottom of the drawing granules are shown in successive stages of growth. These developing granules, selected from various preparations of the cortex of the cerebellum, were drawn from nature. - The Formation of an Image by the Refracting Media of the Eye
x, The common centre of curvature (nodal point of the several media). Rays which pass through this point are not deflected. y, The principal focus of the system. All rays which are parallel to the optic axis converge to this point. The image of the point A is formed at a, the spot at which a ray parallel with the optic axis meets an unbent ray—the image of B at b. - The food route in the digestive system
- The first printed picture of dissection
The first printed picture of dissection - The first picture of dissection in an English-printed book
The first picture of dissection in an English-printed book - The figure shows the ten layers of the head
The figure shows the ten layers of the head - The figure shows a professor and pupil. The former is demonstrating the bones of a skeleton.
The figure shows a professor and pupil. The former is demonstrating the bones of a skeleton. - The External, Middle, and Internal Ear of the Left Side
From right to left, the figure shows the concha and lobule of the ear in profile; the external meatus (abbreviated); the drum, divided vertically, its posterior half visible; the hammer-bone, with the tip of its long arm attached to the drum, an arrow indicating the point of attachment and line of action of the tensor tympani muscle; the anvil attached by a ligament to the bony wall of the middle ear; the stirrup, with its foot-plate almost filling the oval window; the labyrinth, with the three semicircular canals above, and the scala vestibuli below. The curled black line shows the situation of the scala media, or ductus cochleæ (which contains the organ of Corti). Pulsations of sound which move the membrana tympani are transmitted by the three bones to the oval window. They shake the perilymph, producing waves which travel along the scala vestibuli to the apex of the cochlea, whence they return by the scala tympani to the round window (if they do not take a shorter course through the ductus cochleæ). The Eustachian tube opens out of the lower part of the middle ear. - The diaphragm is in form like an inverted bowl
It forms the floor of the thorax (chest) and the roof of the abdomen. It is attached by a strong tendon to the spinal column behind, and to the walls of the thorax at its lowest part, which is below the ribs. In front its attachment is to the cartilage at the pit of the stomach. It also connects with the transverse abdominal muscle. The diaphragm being convex, in inspiration the contraction of its fibres flattens it downward and presses down the organs in the abdomen, thus increasing the depth of the thorax. Expiration depends wholly on other muscles. - The diaphragm
- The cartilages of the larynx; the trachea and bronchi
- The bony thorax, anterior view
- The Body of a Motor Neurone
In its centre is a large clear spherical nucleus, with a nucleolus. The body-substance is prolonged into five dendrites and an axon. Neuro-fibrillæ are seen in dendrites and axon. They traverse the body of the cell in all directions, in little bundles which are separated by angular granules of stainable substance (tigroids). - The arch of the aorta and its branches
- The Anterior Half of the Larynx seen from Behind
The drawing shows the folds of mucous membrane, the vocal cords, which stretch from the tips of the arytenoid cartilages to the recess behind the median portion of the thyroid cartilage. To the outer side of each vocal cord is seen the thyro-arytenoid muscle (cut across), consisting of a broad outer portion, chiefly concerned in closing the glottis during the act of swallowing, and a smaller internal portion, which regulates the length and the thickness of the segment of the cord allowed to vibrate. - The Anatomy of the Eye
From Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica, Basel, 1543, p. 643. a, Crystalline humour; o, Albugineous humour; c, Vitreous humour; n, Cornea; q, Conjunctiva; m, Sclerotica; g, Secundina; h, Uvea; k, Arachnoidea; e, Retina. - The Anatomy of the Eye
The Anatomy of the Eye - The abdominal corset
- Surface veins and deep-lying arteries of inner side of right arm and hand
- Superficial veins of the head and neck
- Spica bandage of thumb
- Spica bandage of ankle
- Skeletons of the Gibbon, Orang, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Man
Photographically reduced from diagrams of the natural size (except that of the gibbon, which was twice as large as nature) drawn by Mr. Waterhouse Hawkins from specimens in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. - Skeleton of head and trunk
- Skeleton
- Sitz-bath tub made of tin
- Sense-Organs susceptible to Pressure
All are formed on essentially the same plan; a fibrous capsule invests a group of epithelial cells amongst which a nerve ramifies. The simplest form is known as a Grandry’s corpuscle-a nerve ending in one or two plates between two or three epithelial cells. These organs are found in great numbers in the bills of aquatic birds. If a duck is watched whilst it is gobbling mud at the margin of a pond, it will be seen to have a remarkable capacity for discriminating between the shells of small snails, which it can crush, and stones, which it needs to drop from its bill. Its bill is also provided with small Pacinian corpuscles. - Section of the head and throat locating the organs of speech and song, including the upper resonators
The important maxillary sinus cannot well be shown. It is found within the maxillary bone (cheek bone). The inner end of the line marked Nasal cavity locates it. - Roger Bacons diagram of the Eye
Roger Bacons diagram of the Eye - Relation of kidneys to heart and great blood-vessels
- Relation of heart and great vessels to the wall of the thorax
- Position of the thoracic and abdominal organs, rear view
- Position of the thoracic and abdominal organs, front view
- Plan of the foetal circulation
- Passage into trachea and esophagus; Pharynx
- Outline diagram showing general plan and position of body-machinery