- The Planetary motions very irregular as seen from the Earth
The apparent magnitudes of the Planets continually change as seen from the Earth, which demonstrates that they approach nearer to it, and recede farther from it by turns. From these Phenomena, and their apparent motions among the Stars, they seem to describe looped curves which never return into themselves, Venus’s path excepted. And if we were to trace out all their apparent paths, and put the figures of them together in one diagram, they would appear so anomalous and confused, that no man in his senses could believe them to be representations of their real paths; but would immediately conclude, that such apparent irregularities must be owing to some Optic illusions. - The primary Planets never eclipse one another
The primary Planets never eclipse one another - The Solar System
By Astronomy we discover that the Earth is at so great a distance from the Sun, that if seen from thence it would appear no bigger than a point; although it’s circumference is known to be 25,020 miles. Yet that distance is so small, compared with the distance of the Fixed Stars, that if the Orbit in which the Earth moves round the Sun were solid, and seen from the nearest Star, it would likewise appear no bigger than a point, although it is at least 162 millions of miles in diameter. - The superstitious notions of the antients with regard to Eclipses
The superstitious notions of the antients with regard to Eclipses - Moons Orbit
Moons Orbit - Seasons
The seasons shewn in another view of the Earth, and it’s Orbit - The cause of the tides discovered by Kepler
The cause of the Tides was discovered by Kepler, who, in his Introduction to the Physics of the Heavens, thus explains it: “The Orb of the attracting power, which is in the Moon, is extended as far as the Earth; and draws the waters under the torrid Zone, acting upon places where it is vertical, insensibly on confined seas and bays, but sensibly on the ocean whose beds are large, and the waters have the liberty of reciprocation; that is, of rising and falling.” - The Earth nearer the Sun in winter than in summer
Why the weather is coldest when the Earth is nearest the Sun. - The Eclipsareon
This Piece of Mechanism exhibits the Time, Quantity, Duration, and Progress of solar Eclipses, at all Parts of the Earth. - The Geometrical Construction of Solar and Lunar Eclipses
The Geometrical Construction of Solar and Lunar Eclipses - The Method of finding the Distances of the Sun, Moon, and Planets
The Method of finding the Distances of the Sun, Moon, and Planets - The Moon’s surface mountainous
The Moon’s surface mountainous - The Motions and Phases of Mercury and Venus explained
The Motions and Phases of Mercury and Venus explained - The Orrery, made by James Ferguson
1. The Sun, 2. Mercury, 3. Venus, 4. The Earth, 5. The Moon, 6. The Sydereal Dial plate, 7. The Hour Circle, 8. ye Circle for ye. Moon’s Age, 9. The Moon’s Orbit, 10. ye Pointer, Shewing the Sun’s Place & Day of the Month, 11. The Ecliptic, 12. The Handle for turning ye whole machine - Bank of England
Bank of England, Royal Exchange, Mansion House (Cornhill, Lombard, Threadneedle Streets.) - Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Westminster Hall
Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Westminster Hall, Crimean and Canning Monuments. Penitentiary, Vauxhall Bridge,Lambeth Suspension Bridge, Lambeth Place, and Bethlehem Hospital in the distance - King William Street
King William Street, Gracechurch Street (Bank and Royal Exchange in the distance.) - Young Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Bull
Young Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Bull - Bull Buffalo in National Museum Group
Bull Buffalo in National Museum Group - Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Calf
Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Calf - Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Cow
Half-breed (Buffalo-Domestic) Cow - Pterodactyls
- Some Late Mesozoic Reptiles
- Some Mesozoic Reptiles
Some Mesozoic Reptiles - Some Reptiles of the Late Paleozoic Age
- Life in the Early Palæozoic
Note its general resemblance, except for size, to the microscopic summer ditch-water life of to-day. - Life in the Later Palæozoic Age
Life is creeping out of the water. An insect like a dragon fly is shown. There were amphibia like gigantic newts and salamanders, and even primitive reptiles in these swamps. - An Assyrian King and His Chief Minister
It was out of those two main weaknesses of all priesthoods, namely, the incapacity for efficient military leadership and their inevitable jealousy of all other religious cults, that the power of secular kingship arose. The foreign enemy either prevailed and set up a king over the people, or the priesthoods who would not give way to each other set up a common fighting captain, who retained more or less power in peace time. This secular king developed a group of officials about him and began, in relation to military organization, to take a share in the priestly administration of the people’s affairs. So, growing out of priestcraft and beside the priest, the king, the protagonist of the priest,appears upon the stage of human history, and a very large amount of the subsequent experiences of mankind is only to be understood as an elaboration, complication, and distortion of the struggle, unconscious or deliberate, between these two systems of human control, the temple and the palace. And it was in the original centres of civilization that this antagonism was most completely developed. - Archaic Horses and Chariots
Archaic Horses and Chariots (from an archaic Greek Vase) - Aryan-speaking Peoples 1000-500 B.C. (Map)
Aryan-speaking Peoples 1000-500 B.C. (Map) - Asia and Europe - Life of the Period (Map)
Asia and Europe - Life of the Period (Map) - Asia Minor, Syria, and Mesopotamia
Asia Minor, Syria, and Mesopotamia - Assyrian Warrior (temp. Sargon II)
Assyrian Warrior (temp. Sargon II) - Astronomical Variations Affecting Climate
Astronomical Variations Affecting Climate - Athene of the Parthenon
Goddess Athene of the Parthenon - Athenian Foot-soldier
Monument of Athenian foot soldier found near Marathon. - Australia and the Western Pacific in the Glacial Age
Australia and the Western Pacific in the Glacial Age - Australian Lung Fish
- Boats on Nile about 2500 B.C.
Boats on Nile about 2500 B.C. - Brawl among Egyptian Boatmen (Pyramid Age)
Brawl among boatmen ... (From tomb of Ptah-hetep——Pyramid Age) - Break-up of Alexander’s Empire
- Bronze Age Implements
Bronze Age Implements - Burning the Dead - Etruscan Ceremony
Etruscan painting of a Ceremonial Burning of the Dead - Bushwoman
Bushwoman - Campaigns of Alexander the Great
- Carthaginian coins
At her zenith Carthage probably had the hitherto unheard-of population of a million. This population was largely industrial, and her woven goods were universally famous. As well as a coasting trade, she had a considerable land trade with Central Africa,[126] and she sold negro slaves, ivory, metals, precious stones and the like, to all the Mediterranean people; she worked Spanish copper mines, and her ships went out into the Atlantic and coasted along Portugal and France northward as far as the Cassiterides (the Scilly Isles, or Cornwall, in England) to get tin. About 520 B.C. a certain Hanno made a voyage that is still one of the most notable in the world. This Hanno, if we may trust the Periplus of Hanno, the Greek translation of his account which still survives, followed the African coast southward from the Straits of Gibraltar as far as the confines of Liberia. He had sixty big ships, and his main task was to found or reinforce certain Carthaginian stations upon the Morocco coast - Caucasian Types
But it is this study of skull shapes which has led many ethnologists to divide the Caucasian race, not, as it was divided by Huxley, into two, the northern blonds and the Mediterranean and North African dark whites or brunets, but into three. They split his blonds into two classes. They distinguish a northern European type, blond and dolichocephalic, the Nordic; a Mediterranean or Iberian race, Huxley’s dark whites, which is dark-haired and dolichocephalic, and between these two they descry this third race, their brachycephalic race, the Alpine race. The opposite school would treat the alleged Alpine race simply as a number of local brachycephalic varieties of Nordic or Iberian peoples. The Iberian peoples were the Neolithic people of the long barrows, and seem at first to have pervaded most of Europe and western Asia. - Chinese Empire, Tang Dynasty
- Chinese Image of Kuan-yin
China had a Taoist deity, the Holy Mother, the Queen of Heaven, who took on the name (originally a male name) of Kuan-yin and who came to resemble the Isis figure very closely. The Isis figures, we feel, must have influenced the treatment of Kuan-yin. Like Isis she was also Queen of the Seas, Stella Maris. In Japan she was called Kwannon. There seems to have been a constant exchange of the outer forms of religion between east and west. - Combat between Menelaus and Hector
Combat between Menelaus & Hector (in the Iliad) From a platter ascribed to the end of the seventh century in the British Museum. This is probably the earliest known vase bearing a Greek inscription. Greek writing was just beginning. Note the Swastika. - Constantinople
- Cro-magnon Man
In the grotto of Cro-Magnon it was that complete skeletons of one main type of these Newer Palæolithic men, these true men, were first found, and so it is that they are spoken of as Cro-Magnards. - Diagram Showing the Duration of the Neolithic Period
Diagram Showing the Duration of the Neolithic Period - Diagram to Illustrate the Riddle of The Piltdown Sub-man.
Diagram to Illustrate the Riddle of The Piltdown Sub-man. - Early Latium
- Early Pleistocene Animals, Contemporary with Earliest Man
Geologists make certain main divisions of the Cainozoic period, and it will be convenient to name them here and to indicate their climate. First comes the Eocene (dawn of recent life), an age of exceptional warmth in the world’s history, subdivided into an older and newer Eocene; then the Oligocene (but little of recent life), in which the climate was still equable. The Miocene (with living species still in a minority) was the great age of mountain building, and the general temperature was falling. In the Pliocene (more living than extinct species), climate was very much at its present phase; but with the Pleistocene (a great majority of living species) there set in a long period of extreme conditions—it was the Great Ice Age. - Early Stone Implements
Early Stone Implements The Mousterian Age implements, and all above it, are those of Neanderthal men or, possibly in the case of the rostro-carinates, of sub-men. The lower row (Reindeer Age) are the work of true men. The student should compare this diagram with the time diagram attached to Chapter VII, § 6, and he should note the relatively large size of the pre-human implements. - Eastern Roman Empire
- Egyptian Gods—Set, Anubis, Typhon, Bes
In all these temples there was a shrine; dominating the shrine there was commonly a great figure, usually of some monstrous half-animal form, before which stood an altar for sacrifices. This figure was either regarded as the god or as the image or symbol of the god, for whose worship the temple existed. And connected with the temple there were a number, and often a considerable number, of priests or priestesses, and temple servants, generally wearing a distinctive costume and forming an important part of the city population. - Egyptian Gods—Thoth-lunus, Hathor, Chnemu
Egyptian Gods—Thoth-lunus, Hathor, Chnemu