- Crossbowmen killing Deer and Wild Boars
From MS. Gaston Phosbus. Fourteenth century - Mounted Crossbowman, with Cranequin crossbow, and a quarrel in his hat
Doubtless on the coasts of Scandinavia and North Germany, the chief home of these composite crossbows after the time of the Crusades, whalebone was easily obtainable, whilst in other parts of the Continent, the pieces which formed the heart of the bow, were made from the straightened horn of an animal. This ancient form of crossbow with a composite bow, survived in an improved form in Scandinavia and in the north of Europe, as a weapon of sport and war, till about 1460, or for nearly a hundred years after the far superior crossbow with a thick steel bow and a windlass had been in use in France, Spain and Italy. Some of these later weapons were made so strong in the fifteenth century, that after the invention of the powerful cranequin for bending steel bows, this apparatus was also employed for bending the composite bow - Albany Run-a-bout, Model 2, 4–6 H. P
Albany Run-a-bout, Model 2, 4–6 H. P. Albany Automobile Co., Albany, Ind. PRICE: $300; with top BODY: Piano box SEATS: 2 persons WEIGHT: 500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 62 inches TREAD: 52 inches TIRES, FRONT: 30 × 1¼ in., solid TIRES, REAR: 32 × 1¼ in., solid STEERING: Hand lever or tiller BRAKES: Foot brake on transmission SPRINGS: Full elliptic FRAME: Angle steel BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: 1, vertical, in front VALVE ARRANGEMENT: 3 port, side valves MOTOR SUSPENSION: From side members of frame COOLING: Water; pump IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Dry battery CARBURETER: Universal; automatic mixture regulation LUBRICATION: Sight feed pressure MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle TRANSMISSION: Friction CHANGE SPEEDS: Slide of friction disk SPEEDS: 2 to 10 miles and reverse CHANGE-SPEED CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Center chain on differential sprocket - Waltham-Orient, Model B R., 4 H.P
Waltham-Orient, Model B R., 4 H.P. Waltham Mfg. Co., Waltham, Mass. PRICE: $400 BODY: Runabout SEATS: 2 persons WEIGHT: 600 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 80 inches TREAD: 42 inches TIRES, FRONT: 26 × 2½ in. TIRES, REAR: 26 × 2½ in. STEERING: Tiller BRAKES: On rear hubs SPRINGS: Elliptical front and rear FRAME: Wood BORE: 3¼ in.; STROKE: 4¼ in. CYLINDERS: One in back VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Automatic inlet; mechanical exhaust MOTOR SUSPENSION: Rear on side members of frame COOLING: Air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Dry battery CARBURETER: Orient LUBRICATION: Oil pump MOTOR-CONTROL: Throttle and spark CLUTCH: Friction CHANGE GEAR: Friction SPEEDS: 5 forward, 2 reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Friction drive NOTE: Furnished with 2 cylinder motor for $50 extra. - Aurora, Model 'A,' 14–16 H.P
Aurora, Model "A," 14–16 H.P. Aurora Motor Works, North Aurora, Ill. PRICE: $650 BODY: Runabout body SEATS: 2 passengers WEIGHT: 1,000 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 80 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 2 inches TIRES, REAR: 34 × 2 inches STEERING: Wheel steer; pinion gear BRAKES: Rear hub band brakes and transmission brakes SPRINGS: Half elliptical, front; full elliptical, rear FRAME: Angle steel BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: Double opposed horizontal, under hood VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Inlet and exhaust on opposite sides of motor MOTOR SUSPENSION: 3 point suspension COOLING: Water; triangular tube special radiator; thermo-siphon IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Dry batteries CARBURETER: Holly LUBRICATION: Automatic force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle on steering column CLUTCH: Cone CHANGE GEAR: Planetary transmission SPEEDS: 2 forward and 1 reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Shaft driven - Buggyabout, Model C, 14 H.P
"Buggyabout," Model C, 14 H.P. Hatfield Motor Vehicle Co., Cortland, N. Y. PRICE: $750 BODY: Piano box convertible to commercial wagon SEATS: 4 persons WEIGHT: 900 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 101 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 38 × 1½ inches TIRES, REAR: 42 × 1½ inches STEERING: Chain and sprocket (patented) BRAKES: 2 on differential sprockets, 2 emergency SPRINGS: Full elliptical FRAME: Wood sill, reinforced by angle iron BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: 2 opposed VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Automatic intake; mechanical exhaust MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sills COOLING: Air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Dry cells CARBURETER: Schebler LUBRICATION: Gravity feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: None SPEEDS: 3 to 25 miles DRIVE: Friction drive (patented) - Wolfe, Model A, 24 H.P
Wolfe, Model A, 24 H.P. H. E. Wilcox Motor Car Company, Minneapolis, Minn. PRICE: $1,800 BODY: Side entrance, rear seat removable SEATS: 5 persons WEIGHT: 1,900 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 108 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 3½ inches TIRES, REAR: 34 × 3½ inches STEERING: Worm and sector BRAKES: On rear hubs SPRINGS: Full elliptic FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4 in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, tandem MOTOR SUSPENSION: On sub-frame COOLING: Air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Battery CARBURETER: Float-feed LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cone CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chain NOTE: Runabout body fitted to above chassis for a list of $1,700. Light delivery body also furnished on order. - Marion Model 7, 22–24 H.P
Marion Model 7, 22–24 H.P. The Marion Motor Car Co., Indianapolis, Ind. PRICE: $2,000 BODY: Runabout SEATS: 2 persons WEIGHT: 1,750 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 100 inches TREAD: 55 inches TIRES, FRONT: 32 × 3½ inches TIRES, REAR: 32 × 3½ inches STEERING: Worm and sector BRAKES: Hub, internal and external SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic front, and full scroll rear FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4 in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: 4 separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Opposite sides MOTOR SUSPENSION: From side members of main frame COOLING: Water IGNITION: High-tension CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery CARBURETER: Schebler or Holley LUBRICATION: Force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Multiple disc CHANGE GEAR: "Hassler" SPEEDS: 2 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Shaft - Bródy Sándor
Bródy Sándor - Pennsylvania, 35 H.P. Pennsylvania Auto Motor Co., Phil., Pa.
PRICE: $2,800 BODY: Mercedes SEATS: 5 persons WEIGHT: 2,550 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 111 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 4 in. TIRES, REAR: 34 × 4 in. STEERING: Worm and nut BRAKES: Double on rear wheels SPRINGS: Front, 40 in. long; Rear, platform type FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, cast separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Same side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Direct from sub-frame COOLING: Water; cellular radiator IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery CARBURETER: Schebler LUBRICATION: Force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cone CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Selective system DRIVE: Shaft - Hercules, Model 102
Hercules, Model 102. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $2,000 BODY: Delivery wagon (closed) CAPACITY: 800 pounds WEIGHT: 2,576 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 2 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 2 inches STEERING: Horizontal side lever BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Front, half platform; rear, full elliptical MOTORS: Single equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse SPEED: 12 m.p.h. CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DISTANCE: 40 miles DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 103
Hercules, Model 103. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $3,000 BODY: Delivery wagon with top CAPACITY: 3,000 pounds WEIGHT: 5,400 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 111 inches TREAD: 65½ inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4 inches STEERING: Irreversible worm type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Half platform front and rear MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body SPEED: 10 m.p.h. DISTANCE: 45 miles MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 106
Hercules, Model 106. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $2,350 BODY: Open delivery CAPACITY: 1,500 pounds WEIGHT: 3,500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 77 inches TREAD: 65 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 3 inches TIRES, REAR: 39 × 3½ inches STEERING: Irreversible type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Front, semi-elliptic; rear, half platform MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 113
Hercules, Model 113. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $3,750 BODY: Platform truck CAPACITY: 7,000 pounds WEIGHT: 7,500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 118 inches TREAD: 70 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 5 inches TIRES, REAR: 38 × 5 inches STEERING: Pinion and sector type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body SPEED: 8 m.p.h. MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse DISTANCE: 30 miles CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 120
Hercules, Model 120. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $1,750 BODY: Delivery wagon (closed) CAPACITY: 1,000 pounds WEIGHT: 2,300 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 2½ inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 2½ inches STEERING: Side bar BRAKES: Band brakes on rear axle SPRINGS: Front, elliptic; rear, platform MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse SPEEDS: 4 speeds ahead and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 121
Hercules, Model 121. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $3,200 BODY: Delivery truck CAPACITY: 4,000 pounds WEIGHT: 6,000 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 103 inches TREAD: 72 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 38 × 4 inches STEERING: Pinion and sector type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Half platform front and rear MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse SPEED: 8½ m.p.h. CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DISTANCE: 38 miles DRIVE: Double chain NOTE: With slight changes in price and specifications these trucks range in capacity up to 10,000 pounds: bodies to order - Hercules, Model 128
Hercules, Model 128. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $4,400 BODY: Stake platform with top CAPACITY: 10,000 pounds WEIGHT: 8,700 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 117 inches TREAD: 83 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 7 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 7 inches STEERING: Pinion and sector type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 139
Hercules, Model 139. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $2,250 BODY: Express wagon CAPACITY: 2,000 pounds WEIGHT: 3,200 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 3½ inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4 inches STEERING: Horizontal side lever BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Front, half platform; rear, full elliptic MOTORS: Single equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body DISTANCE: 50 miles MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse SPEED: 9 m.p.h. CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 speeds ahead and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 140
Hercules, Model 140. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $2,350 BODY: Piano box SEATS: 2 or 4 persons CAPACITY: 1,500 pounds WEIGHT: 3,300 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 3 inches TIRES, REAR: 39 × 3½ inches STEERING: Irreversible type BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Full elliptic MOTORS: Double equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse SPEEDS: 4 ahead and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hercules, Model 144
Hercules, Model 144. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $1,700 BODY: Heavy platform truck CAPACITY: 6,000 pounds WEIGHT: 3,525 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 73½ inches TREAD: 37⅜ inches TIRES, FRONT: 20 × 4 × ⅜ in. steel TIRES, REAR: 20 × 4 × ⅜ in. steel STEERING: Irreversible worm type BRAKES: Electric on motors SPRINGS: No springs MOTORS: Single equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse CHANGE SPEEDS: 3 speeds forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Hill Touring Car, 35 H.P
Hill Touring Car, 35 H.P. Hill Motor Car Co., Haverhill, Mass. PRICE: $3,000 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 5 persons WEIGHT: 2,200 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 32 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 32 × 4 inches BRAKES: On rear wheel drums SPRINGS: Full elliptic FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical cast separately VALVES: Mechanically operated MOTOR SUSPENSION: Direct from frame COOLING: Air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery CARBURETER: Float-feed automatic LUBRICATION: Automatic MOTOR-CONTROL: Hand or foot CLUTCH: Multiple disc CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Bevel gear - R & L Stanhope
R & L Stanhope. Rauch and Lang Carriage Co., Cleveland, Ohio PRICE: $1,850 BODY: Stanhope SEATS: 2 persons WEIGHT: 1,600 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 73 inches TIRES, FRONT: 32 in., pneumatic TIRES, REAR: 32 in., pneumatic STEERING: Side lever BRAKES: On rear wheels and emergency SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic front; full elliptic rear FRAME: Steel HORSE-POWER: 1½ MOTOR: Hertner MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under body SPEED: 1–22 m. p. h. DISTANCE: 75 to 80 miles MOTOR-CONTROL: Lever at left of seat DRIVE: Double chain from countershaft - Sovereign, Model M
Sovereign, Model M. Matthews Motor Co., Camden, N. J. BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 8 persons WHEEL-BASE: 124 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 5 inches BRAKES: 2 double internal on rear hubs SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic, front; platform type rear FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 5½ in.; STROKE: 6 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical MOTOR SUSPENSION: From frame COOLING: Water IGNITION Jump spark (double plugs) CURRENT SUPPLY: Magneto and batteries CARBURETER: Automatic LUBRICATION: Mechanical pump MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Double side chain - Synnestvedt 2-Ton Truck
Synnestvedt 2-Ton Truck. Synnestvedt Machine Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. BODY: Stake or van CAPACITY: 2 tons WHEEL-BASE: 87 inches TREAD: 52 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 in. TIRES, REAR: 36 × 5 in. BRAKES: On rear wheel and driving shaft SPRINGS: Platform FRAME: Channel steel MOTOR: Synnestvedt electric MOTOR SUSPENSION: In rear under body SPEEDS: 4 forward, 2 reverse DRIVE: Chain - 10-Passenger Limousine
10-Passenger Limousine. Autocar Equipment Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $5,500 BODY: Limousine SEATS: 10 persons inside, 2 outside TREAD: 62½ inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 3½ in. TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4 in. STEERING: Irreversible with worm gear BRAKES: On counter shaft, and double-acting on rear hubs SPRINGS: Semi-elliptic FRAME: Oak and steel BORE: 411/16 in. STROKE: 5½ in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: On opposite sides COOLING: Water, cellular radiator IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries CARBURETER: Float-feed automatic LUBRICATION: Force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Conical type CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Double chain - Belden, 30 H.P
Belden, 30 H.P. Belden Auto Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. PRICE: $4,500 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 7 persons WEIGHT: 2,450 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 124 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 3½ inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4½ inches STEERING: Worm and sector BRAKES: Two on rear hubs SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical front; platform rear FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 5⅛ in.; STROKE: 5½ in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, in front VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Mechanical intake and exhaust MOTOR SUSPENSION: From side members of frame COOLING: Water; cellular radiator IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Magneto and battery CARBURETER: Automatic LUBRICATION: Force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Multiple disc CHANGE GEAR: Belden selective SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Shaft - Buggyabout, Model C, 14 H.P
"Buggyabout," Model C, 14 H.P. Hatfield Motor Vehicle Co., Cortland, N. Y. PRICE: $750 BODY: Piano box convertible to commercial wagon SEATS: 4 persons WEIGHT: 900 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 101 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 38 × 1½ inches TIRES, REAR: 42 × 1½ inches STEERING: Chain and sprocket (patented) BRAKES: 2 on differential sprockets, 2 emergency SPRINGS: Full elliptical FRAME: Wood sill, reinforced by angle iron BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 4 in. CYLINDERS: 2 opposed VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Automatic intake; mechanical exhaust MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sills COOLING: Air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Dry cells CARBURETER: Schebler LUBRICATION: Gravity feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: None SPEEDS: 3 to 25 miles DRIVE: Friction drive (patented) - Chase 2-Ton Truck, Model I, 30–40 H.P
Chase 2-Ton Truck, Model I, 30–40 H.P. Chase Motor Truck Co., Syracuse, N.Y. PRICE: $3,500 BODY: Express, stake cart or bus CAPACITY: 4,000 pounds WEIGHT: 3,500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 108 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 in. solid TIRES, REAR: 36 x 3 in. twin solid STEERING: Nut and screw BRAKES: Transmission and rear wheel hub SPRINGS: Front full elliptic, rear semi-elliptic FRAME: Wood BORE: 4½ in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical in front VALVE ARRANGEMENT: 2 cycle; no valves in cylinders MOTOR SUSPENSION: From side of frame COOLING: Forced air IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery CARBURETER: Automatic LUBRICATION: Automatic MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cone, cork inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward speeds and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chains - Chicago 6-Ton Coal Truck
Chicago 6-Ton Coal Truck. Chicago Commercial Auto Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. BODY: Side delivery CAPACITY: 12,000 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 126 inches TREAD: 64 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 inches, solid rubber TIRES, REAR: 36 inches, solid rubber STEERING: Vertical column BRAKES: On transmission shaft and rear wheels SPRINGS: Platform type FRAME: Steel BORE: 6 inches STROKE: 6 inches CYLINDERS: 4, cast separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: In cylinder heads, operated from one side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under cab COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump Spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries or magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed type LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cast steel bands with graphite inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chains - Chicago 6-Ton Coal Truck
Chicago 6-Ton Coal Truck. Chicago Commercial Auto Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. BODY: End delivery CAPACITY: 12,000 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 126 inches TREAD: 64 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 inches, solid rubber TIRES, REAR: 36 inches, solid rubber STEERING: Vertical column BRAKES: On transmission shaft and rear hubs SPRINGS: Platform type FRAME: Steel BORE: 6 inches STROKE: 6 inches CYLINDERS: 4, cast separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: In cylinder heads, operated from one side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under driver's cab COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries or magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed type LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cast steel bands with graphite inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chains - Chicago Coal or Gravel Truck
Chicago Coal or Gravel Truck. Chicago Commercial Auto Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. BODY: Tilting CAPACITY: 5 tons WHEEL-BASE: 126 inches TREAD: 64 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 inches, solid rubber TIRES, REAR: 36 inches, solid rubber BRAKES: On transmission shaft and rear hubs SPRINGS: Platform type FRAME: Steel BORE: 6 inches STROKE: 6 inches CYLINDERS: 4, cast separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: in cylinder heads on same side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under seat COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries or magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed type LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cast steel bands with graphite inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chains - Chicago Combination Pass. & Bagg. Car
Chicago Combination Pass. & Bagg. Car. Chicago Commercial Auto Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. BODY: Passenger and baggage car SEATS: 16 persons WHEEL-BASE: 126 inches TREAD: 64 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 inches, solid rubber TIRES, REAR: 36 inches, solid rubber BRAKES: On transmission shaft and rear wheels SPRINGS: Platform type FRAME: Steel BORE: 6 inches STROKE: 6 inches CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: In cylinder heads, on same side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under seat COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries or magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cast steel band with graphite inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Side chains - Chicago Truck with Winch
Chicago Truck with Winch. Chicago Commercial Auto Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. BODY: Platform truck with winch CAPACITY: 5 tons WHEEL-BASE: 126 inches TREAD: 64 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 inches, solid rubber TIRES, REAR: 36 inches, solid rubber STEERING: Vertical column BRAKES: On transmission and rear hubs SPRINGS: Platform type FRAME: Steel BORE: 6 inches STROKE: 6 inches CYLINDERS: 4, cast separate VALVE ARRANGEMENT: In cylinder heads, operated from one side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Under driver's seat COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries or magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed type LUBRICATION: Forced feed oiler MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Cast steel bands with graphite inserts CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Double side chain - Covert Commercial Car, 12 H.P
Covert Commercial Car, 12 H.P. Covert Motor Vehicle Co., Lockport, N. Y. PRICE: $1,000 BODY: Express (screen sides) CAPACITY: 1,000 pounds WEIGHT: 1,500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 84 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 32 × 2 inches TIRES, REAR: 32 × 2 inches SPRINGS: Full elliptic CYLINDERS: Double opposed MOTOR SUSPENSION: From side members of frame, under seat COOLING: Water; cellular radiator IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Batteries CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever DRIVE: Shaft and bevel gears - Frontenac Runabout, Model D, 40–45 H.P
Frontenac Runabout, Model D, 40–45 H.P. Abendroth and Root M'f'g. Co., Newburgh, N. Y. PRICE: $3,500 BODY: Runabout SEATS: 3 persons WEIGHT: 2,500 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 123 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 3½ in. TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4½ in. STEERING: Bevel gear and shaft connecting to worm and nut BRAKES: External and internal on rear wheels SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4¾ in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical, in pairs VALVE ARRANGEMENT: On one side MOTOR SUSPENSION: Sub-frame COOLING: Water; fin tube radiator IGNITION: Jump spark (double) CURRENT SUPPLY: Magneto and battery CARBURETER: Automatic float-feed LUBRICATION: Splash MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Selective system DRIVE: Shaft - Frontenac, Model C, 40 H.P
Frontenac, Model C, 40 H.P. Abendroth & Root Mfg. Co., Newburgh, N. Y. PRICE: $3,500 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 5 to 7 persons WEIGHT: 2,800 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 123 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 34 × 4½ inches STEERING: Bevel gear connecting to worm and nut BRAKES: Internal and external on rear wheels BORE: 4¾ in.; STROKE: 5 in. SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical FRAME: Pressed steel CYLINDERS: 4, vertical in pairs VALVE ARRANGEMENT: On same side MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sub-frame COOLING: Water, fin tube radiator IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery and magneto CARBURETER: Automatic LUBRICATION: Splash MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CHANGE GEAR: Sliding type SPEEDS: 3 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Selective system DRIVE: Shaft - Gearless, 50 H.P
Gearless, 50 H.P. Gearless Transmission Co., Rochester, N. Y. PRICE: $3,000 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 5 persons WEIGHT: 2,600 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 124 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4 inches STEERING: Worm and nut BRAKES: On transmission and two on each rear hub SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 4⅝ in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4, vertical in front; two cycle MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sub-frame COOLING: Air jackets. Blower; copper fins cast on cylinders IGNITION: Jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery and dry cells CARBURETER: Float-feed LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed oiler MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Expanding ring CHANGE GEAR: Gearless 1907 model, direct drive SPEEDS: 2 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Foot pedal for forward speeds; ride lever for reverse DRIVE: Shaft - Gearless, 60 H.P
Gearless, 60 H.P. Gearless Transmission Co., Rochester, N. Y. PRICE: $3,250 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 5 persons WEIGHT: 2,800 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 124 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4 inches STEERING: Worm and nut BRAKES: On transmission and rear hubs SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 5 in.; STROKE: 5 in. CYLINDERS: 4 vertical in front, 2 cycle MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sub-frame COOLING: Water IGNITION: Double jump spark CURRENT SUPPLY: Magneto and battery CARBURETER: Float-feed LUBRICATION: Mechanical force feed MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Expanding ring CHANGE GEAR: Gearless direct drive SPEEDS: 2 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Side lever and foot pedal DRIVE: Shaft - Gearless, 75 H.P
Gearless, 75 H.P. Gearless Transmission Co., Rochester, N. Y. PRICE: $3,750 BODY: Side entrance tonneau SEATS: 7 persons WEIGHT: 3,000 pounds WHEEL-BASE: 128 inches TREAD: 56 inches TIRES, FRONT: 36 × 4 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 4½ inches STEERING: Worm and nut BRAKES: On transmission and 2 on each rear hub SPRINGS: Semi-elliptical FRAME: Pressed steel BORE: 413/16 in.; STROKE: 5⅝ in. CYLINDERS: 6 vertical in front VALVE ARRANGEMENT: Inlet and exhaust in side ports MOTOR SUSPENSION: From sub-frame COOLING: Water IGNITION: Jump spark, 2 sets of plugs CURRENT SUPPLY: Storage battery and magneto CARBURETER: Float-feed LUBRICATION: Pump driven by gears MOTOR-CONTROL: Spark and throttle CLUTCH: Expanding ring CHANGE GEAR: Gearless 1907 model, direct drive SPEEDS: 2 forward and reverse CHANGE-GEAR CONTROL: Foot pedal for forward speeds; side lever for back up DRIVE: Shaft - Hercules, Model 101
Hercules, Model 101. James Macnaughtan Co., Buffalo, N. Y. PRICE: $2,000 BODY: Closed delivery wagon CAPACITY: 1,000 pounds WEIGHT: 2,700 pounds TIRES, FRONT: 34 × 2 inches TIRES, REAR: 36 × 2 inches STEERING: Horizontal side lever BRAKES: Internal expanding hub SPRINGS: Front, half platform; rear, full elliptical MOTORS: Single equipment MOTOR SUSPENSION: From body MOTOR-CONTROL: Westinghouse CHANGE SPEEDS: 4 forward and reverse DRIVE: Double chain - Heavy Bush, Matakohe
The total area covered by forest in the North Auckland provincial district—of which the Kaipara forms a part—is estimated by the chief surveyor to be seven million two hundred thousand acres, about one million six hundred and seven thousand acres being held by the Crown. One peculiar feature in these forests is that while they possess several trees—among others the Kauri—not to be met with in any other part of New Zealand, they still contain all the trees found elsewhere in the colony. - He evidently viewed it with distrust
About two years ago, the marriage of a daughter of one of the chief men belonging to a native village a few miles off took place; and I, in common with all the settlers in the neighbourhood, received an invitation to be present at the ceremony, and to partake afterwards of the wedding breakfast. My wife told me it would be the right thing to take some little bridal gift, and gave me a fan to present which had a good deal of gold and colour about it. I wrapped it carefully in some nice tissue paper, and thus accredited, rode off to the festive gathering. During the journey, the paper in which the fan was enveloped unfortunately became torn, and finally disappeared, and conceiving the impression that a horseman in knee breeches, spurs, and fan looked somewhat ridiculous, I was anxious to get rid of my present as soon as possible. On drawing near to the village, therefore, great was my delight to perceive the bride's father stationed at the entrance to receive his guests as they arrived, and I at once made up my mind to hand the fan over to him, but to my disappointment found his knowledge of English was as limited as mine of Maori, which consisted of one word, "Kapai," meaning, It is good. I endeavoured to illustrate the action of the fan, and held it towards him, saying at the same time, "Kapai." He evidently viewed it with distrust, and appeared to think it something unholy, or a disguised infernal machine. Whenever I held it near him he backed, and every time I opened it he jumped. The more I cried "Kapai," the more he shied, and we were gradually working our way into the village, my host backing at every movement of the fan, and I leading my horse with one hand, and with the other manipulating the wretched bridal gift. At last, just as I had made up my mind to pitch it away, a Matakohe settler came up who could speak Maori, and who soon altered the aspect of affairs. The fan was accepted most graciously, and was taken the round of the Maori belles, each one of whom, when its action was explained, had a trial of it. - The Supreme Moment
Election of the county council - The Kauri Bug
The Kauri bug (called by the Maoris the Kekereru), with its power of emitting a terrible and unbearable smell when alarmed, has been so often and so fully dealt with by writers, that I shall content myself with simply making a sketch of the insect, leaving its smell to the imagination of my readers. - The Mantis
Another curious insect found here is the "Mantis," commonly called, on account of its shape, "the ridge-pole rafter." This insect has the power of changing its colour like the chameleon. It favours tea-tree more than any other plant, and if resting on a withered portion, assumes a corresponding brown colour, though when found on the young leaves it is a bright green. Its shape is most peculiar, and very suggestive of the name given it. - The Weta, Female
Another insect very commonly found in soft wood tree is called by the natives the "Weta," but by vulgar little boys "The Jimmy Nipper." It is a most repulsive and formidable-looking insect, with a body sometimes two and a half inches long, and is capable of biting hard enough to make blood flow freely. The male and female differ considerably in shape, the male being provided with an immense pair of jaws. They have no wings, and their bodies are covered with a kind of horny shell. - The Weta, Male
Another insect very commonly found in soft wood tree is called by the natives the "Weta," but by vulgar little boys "The Jimmy Nipper." It is a most repulsive and formidable-looking insect, with a body sometimes two and a half inches long, and is capable of biting hard enough to make blood flow freely. The male and female differ considerably in shape, the male being provided with an immense pair of jaws. They have no wings, and their bodies are covered with a kind of horny shell. - Gum Scraper's Knife, constructed so that blade can be replaced when worn out
- Gum Scraping
After the gum has been dug up, it has to be scraped, and this is generally done by the gumdigger before he offers it for sale. If an industrious man, his evenings are usually spent at this tedious work; and the more successful his day's digging, the more scraping lies before him in the evening, and it is considered a good ten hours' work to scrape a hundredweight of gum. When it is thoroughly scraped, it is easy to see the quality, and it is then sorted into boxes. The rarest kind is quite transparent and resembles lumps of glass; the next in order, is cloudy in places, yellowish looking, and very like amber, though much more brittle; some again is all cloudy, and the commonest sort of all is almost opaque. The clearer it is the higher its value, and the price for the first class, which is used in the manufacture of copal varnishes, ranges from about £70 to £80 a ton, according as the market is over or under stocked. - A Gumdigger's Holiday
Not all gumdiggers, however, waste their substance. Many when they indulge in a holiday, enjoy themselves in a moderate and becoming manner. Not long since I was rowing by the Matakohe Wharf, and saw a stout, thick-set man, whom I knew to be a gumdigger, fishing off its seaward end. His legs were dangling over the edge, his back was resting against one of the mooring posts, in his mouth was a short clay, and by his side stood a bottle of beer and a tumbler. His face wore a look of placid contentment, and he was evidently enjoying himself thoroughly. - Sketch of Schnapper
I have seen in the newspaper the price of fish called schnapper, quoted in the Sydney market at from thirty-six shillings to eighty-four shillings per dozen. These fish can be caught line-fishing in the Kaipara, at the rate of sixty or seventy an hour per line of two hooks, and of an average weight of about 9 lbs. each. The schnapper fisherman files the barbs off his hooks, that they may readily be extracted from the fishes' mouths; he also ties the bait securely on; and thus prepared, can haul the fish in as fast as he likes. The schnapper has most powerful teeth and jaws, and lives principally on cockles and mussels, the shells of which it crushes in its mouth without difficulty. It will, however, take almost any sort of bait, and is by no means a fastidious eater. The Kaipara waters swarm also with several other varieties of fish. - The Pious Man's Cow
My first care was to purchase a couple of quiet cows. One I bought from a sanctimonious individual, who assured me the animal was perfectly docile, stating as a proof that his little daughter was accustomed to milk her. Having sold me the cow, he expressed himself anxious as to my spiritual welfare, and preached me a short sermon in atrocious English on the subject of his own righteousness. Although the man was leaving the neighbourhood, I felt no hesitation in taking his word about the amiability of the cow—he seemed so oppressively pious. She was turned into my paddock, and in a few days one of my little boys came running breathlessly to me to say that she had a calf. I had been advised, when this event took place, to immediately take the calf away, and I accordingly proceeded to the paddock to do so, never anticipating any difficulty in the matter. To my surprise and alarm, however, when I got within about fifty yards of the animal, she suddenly lowered her head, and came straight for me, her rapid movements necessitating on my part a most ignominious and hasty retreat. - Jewish Shophar
The Jewish Shophar, a simple ram's horn, a woodcut of which, drawn from an interesting example preserved at the great Synagogue, Aldgate, London, figures at the end of this Introduction, is the oldest wind instrument in present use in the world. It is first named in the Bible as sounding when the Lord descended upon Mount Sinai, and there seems to be little doubt that it has been continuously used in the Mosaic Service from the time it was established until now. It is sounded in the synagogues at the New Year and on the Fast of the Day of Atonement. The Talmud gives ten reasons for sounding the Shophar at the New Year, which may be summed up as reminding those who hear it of the Creation, Penitence, and the Law, of the Prophets, who were as watchmen blowing trumpets, of the Temple and the Binding of Isaac, of Humility, the gathering together of Israel, the Resurrection, and the day of Judgment, when the trumpet shall sound for all. The embouchure of the Shophar is very difficult, and but three proper tones are usually obtained from it, although in some instances-xiii- higher notes can be got. The short rhythmic flourishes are common, with unimportant differences, to both the German and Portuguese Jews, and consequently date from before their separation. - Burgmote Horns
Beautiful horns of hammered and embossed bronze belonging to the Corporations of Canterbury and Dover. The right-hand one is from Dover, where it was formerly used for the calling together of the Corporation at the order of the mayor. The minutes of the town proceedings were constantly headed "At a common Horn blowing" (comyne Horne Blowying). This practice continued until the year 1670, and is not yet entirely done away with, as it is still blown on the occasion of certain Municipal ceremonies. The motto on this horn is:— JOHANNES DE · ALLEMAINE · ME · FECIT · preceded by the talismanic letters A·G·L·A, which stand for the Hebrew אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר לְעוֹלָם אֲדֹנָי and mean, "Thou art mighty for ever, O Lord!" The horn, which is 31¾ inches long, with a circumference at the larger end of 15½ inches, is of brass, and is deeply chased with a spiral scrollwork of foliage chiefly on a hatched ground. The inscription is on a band that starts four inches from the mouth and continues spirally. The maker's name is now nearly effaced, but the inscription shows that he was a German, and the date is assigned to the thirteenth century. - Lamont Harp
The extreme length of the Lamont Harp is 38 inches, and the extreme width 18½ inches. The sound chest, as with other ancient harps, is hollowed out of one piece of wood, but the back has been in this instrument renewed, although probably a long time ago. The sound chest is 30 inches long, 4 inches in breadth at the top, and 17 at the bottom. The comb projects 15½ inches. The broken parts of the bow are held together by iron clamps. - Queen Mary's Harp
This venerable instrument, the least impaired Gaelic Harp existing, is known as Queen Mary's Harp. It is small, being only 31 inches high and 18 inches from back to front. It was played resting upon the left knee and against the left shoulder of the performer, whose left hand touched the upper strings. The comb is from 2½ to 3¼ inches high. It is inserted obliquely in the sound chest, and projects about 14 inches. - Cornemuse, Calabrian Bagpipe, Musette
The Calabrian Bagpipe or Zampogna is a rudely carved instrument of the eighteenth century. It has four drones attached to one stock, hanging downwards from the end of the bag: two of them are furnished with finger-holes. The reeds are double like those of the oboe and bassoon. The bag is large; it is inflated by the mouth and pressed by the left arm against the chest of the performer. The Zampogna is chiefly used as an accompaniment to a small reed melody pipe called by the same name, and played by another performer. The quality of the tone produced is not unpleasing. It has five holes only, and consequently the seventh of the scale is absent, but this can be easily got by octaving the open note of the pipe and covering part of the lower opening of the chanter with the little finger. The Musette, Zampogna, and Cornemuse here shown are from specimens belonging to Messrs. J. & R. Glen, Edinburgh.