- The Aspredo Cat fish
In one of the 'cat-fishes'—the Aspredo—the mother carries the eggs about with her, and this is managed in a very remarkable way. Just at the time she lays her eggs, the skin of the under surface of her body becomes swollen and spongy, and into this she presses her eggs by lying on them. Here, snugly sheltered, they remain till hatched! - Paradise fish
Thus, certain fishes related to the wonderful Anabas—the perch that climbs trees!—make nests of bubbles, in which the eggs are placed! The Gorami and the beautiful little 'paradise-fish', for example, built floating nurseries of this kind, the bubble-raft being made by the male. In the case of the paradise-fish these bubbles are blown so that the enclosed eggs are raised above the level of the water, where they remain till hatched! This raft, although it has been seen many times by travellers, is so frail that it cannot be preserved, and has never yet been drawn by an artist, so that we can only show the fish that makes it. - Sarcoptes scabiei, female
- Lucilia cæsar
- Two common centipedes
- Cross section of the larva of the browntail moth showing the tubercles bearing the poison hairs
- Gill foot
Gill foot Two species of these freshwater animals are found in Central Europe, Apus cancriformis and Apus productus, the latter also lives here. They can be recognized by the shape of the tail flap, which in the first species is very short and notched. Behind the shield-shaped shell, which covers the body of these animals at the back, protrudes only the long hindquarters, the last segment of which bears two long tail threads. The front part of the dorsal shield shows the two almost merging eyes. There are 30 to 40 pairs of limbs; the eleventh forms 2 brood bags for the female storage of the eggs. On the back, only the 3 whip-shaped appendages of the first pair of legs are visible. The anterior blades are small, 2-membered, filamentous, the posterior only present in the larva state. The Gill Paws live in small puddles and other stagnant water; they die when their abode dries up. The eggs, which remain in the solidified mud, retain their development capability for a very long time. [As translated online] - Water flea
The Water Fleas ( Cladocera ) are the second suborder next to the Leaf-legged. Early in the morning, but also on warm, quiet evenings, and moreover in cloudy skies, these little creatures, the largest of which are seldom longer than 6 mM, swim close to the surface of the water; but they go down to the depths as soon as the sun begins to shine on the water with some force. Some species, by the way, always prefer to stay close to the muddy soil than in higher water layers. It is not surprising that they have long attracted the attention of naturalists, as they usually populate still and slowly flowing water in great crowds. The Cladoceren and Copepods make, according to Leijdig, almost the only food from the most estimated Visschen der Bavarian mountain lakes and from Lake Constance, from the Roode Trout ( Salmo salvellinus ) and Blauwe Houtingen ( Coregonus Wartmanni ), whose catch is a means of subsistence for a large number of inhabitants of the lake districts. [As translated from the Dutch by online translator ] - Fight between an Ordinary Roller Spider and a Scorpion
The Roller Spider hides during the day in crevices of the loamy soil, in reed beds or under stones; at night she goes out for robbery and catches Insects. Tests on large specimens have shown that she also attacks large animals. A 52 mm Roller Spider. body length grabbed a 105 mm. long Scorpion at the root of the tail, bit it off and then devoured the whole animal. However, this victory was only due to chance, as it turned out, when a second Scorpio was brought to her and she attacked them from the front; this animal held its enemy with the claws and wounded it with the poison spine, to which it succumbed after a few convulsions. {trasnslated by Google] - Eryon propinquus, One of the Fossil Eryonidea, from the Jurassic Rocks of Solenhofen
- Otiobius (Ornithodoros) megnini, male. (a) dorsal, (b) ventral aspect
- Larva of Fannia scalaris
- Trypanosoma Ziemanni, from the gut of the gnat
Trypanosoma Ziemanni, from the gut of the gnat - An Amphipod (Gammarus locusta)
- Reduvius (Opsicœtus) personatus
- Sarcoptes scabiei, male
- Dipylidium caninum. Rostrum evaginated and invaginated
- Harlequin Spider
Harlequin Spider ( Salticus scenicus ): a) Female, b) Male, both enlarged. c) Female, full size, d) Front part of the head bust, seen from behind to show eye placement (enlarged). - Long-armed Tarantel Scorpion
Long-armed Tarantel Scorpion ( Phrynus lunatus ) - a) Front part of the head bust enlarged to show the arrangement of the eyes. - Sepsis violacea; puparium and adult
Sepsis violacea; puparium and adult - House spider
House spider ( Tegenaria domestica ): - a) Male (below, on an enlarged scale, eyes seen from the front). b) Female - Section through a venom gland of Latrodectus 13-guttatus showing the peritoneal, muscular and epithelial layers
- The Caterpillar of the Elephant Hawk-Moth (Chærocampa elpenor). Fourth Stage
- The Locust
Sometimes millions of locusts come upon the wind, and devour every green thing, so that nothing is left for man or beast. - Three Spined Stickleback
The male stickleback, as many of you may know, builds a wonderful nest, in which, when finished, he invites his chosen mate to lay her eggs. As soon as these precious treasures have been entrusted to his care, he makes himself their sole guardian, forcing currents of fresh water through the nest by the violent fanning motion of his breast-fins, and driving away all that come near. Strangely enough, he has to exercise the greatest care to keep out his mate, who would eat every single egg if she could but get the chance! - The Caterpillar of the Small Elephant Hawk-moth (Chærocampa porcellus)
- Left hand stigmata of the larvæ of muscoidea
- Harvest mites. (Larvæ of Trombidium)
- Calliphora erythrocephala
- Pylocheles miersii, a Symmetrical Hermit Crab
- The unicellular parasite Benedenia, from the gut of the common Poulp or Octopus
The unicellular parasite Benedenia, from the gut of the common Poulp or Octopus. 1 is the normal male individual; 2 and 3 show stages in the production of spermatozoa on its surface by budding; 4, 5 and 6 show a female parasite with spermatozoa approaching it. - The Number of the Chromosomes
(a) Cell of the asexual generation of the cryptogam Pellia epiphylla: the nucleus is about to divide, a polar ray-formation is present at each end of the spindle-shaped nucleus, the chromosomes have divided into two horizontal groups each of sixteen pieces: sixteen is the number of the chromosomes of the ordinary tissue cells of Pellia. (b) Cell of the sexual generation of the same plant (Pellia) in the same phase of division, but with the reduced number of chromosomes—namely, eight in each half of the dividing nucleus. The completed cells of the sexual generation have only eight chromosomes. (c) Somatic or tissue cell of Salamander showing twenty-four ∨-shaped chromosomes, each of which is becoming longitudinally split as a preliminary to division. (d) Sperm-mother-cell from testis of Salamander, showing the reduced number of chromosomes of the sexual cells—namely, twelve; each is split longitudinally. (From original drawings by Prof. Farmer and Mr. Moore.) - The Common Sand-hopper (Talitrus saltator), Male, from the Side
- A Woodlouse (Porcellio scaber), One of the Isopoda
- Poison apparatus of a honey bee
- Long-eared Sunfish
- The yellow fever mosquito (Aëdes calopus)
- Diagrammatic representation of the structures present in a typical cell
Diagrammatic representation of the structures present in a typical cell (after Wilson). Note the two centrosomes, sometimes single. - Callianassa stebbingi (Female), a Sand-burrowing Thalassinid from the South Coast of England
- Epithelium underlying poison hairs of the larva of the browntail moth
- The Caterpillar of the Marbled White Butterfly (Arge galathea)
- Mandible of Scolopendra cingulata showing venom gland
- Spiny Hermione ( Hermione hystrix )
One of the most common species in the Mediterranean. These Worms have a very graceful, glistening appearance, after being rinsed from the dirt, which usually covers their bodies in large quantities, by repeated rinsing. However, the beautiful Hermione's thorns are more fearful than those of the Porcupine ( Hystrix), there barbs hold them back in the skin with which they come into contact. Predatory fish do not care much about these weapons. - The Caterpillar of the Elephant Hawk-Moth (Chærocampa elpenor). First stage
- An Eight-Armed Cuttlefish or Octopus Attacking a Small Crab
These molluscs are particularly fond of crustaceans, which they crunch with their parrot's beak-like jaws. Their salivary juice has a paralysing effect on their prey. To one side, below the eye, may be seen the funnel through which water is very forcibly ejected in the process of locomotion. - Sauvage's Mason Spider
Sauvage's Mason Spider ( Cteniza fodiens ) in her home (this is greatly shortened and shown cut lengthways) .— a) Placement of eyes (greatly enlarged) .— b) Cover seen from the inside. -C) Eggs. ). - Trout
Trout - Rasahus biguttatus
- Culicoides guttipennis - (a) adult, (×15) (b) head of same (c) larva (d) head (e) pupa
- Salivary glands of Notonecta maculata
- Dipylidium caninum. The double pored tapeworm of the dog
- Field Scorpion
Field Scorpion ( Buthus occitanus ): - a) top viw.-b) ventral side of the abdomen prior to: the 1st section - Muscina stabulan
- Dermanyssus gallinæ, female
- Pediculus showing the blind sac (b) containing the mouth parts (a) beneath the alimentary canal (p)
- The young of the common Eel and its metamorphosis
Drawings by Professor Grassi, of Rome, of the young of the common Eel and its metamorphosis. All of the natural size. The uppermost figure represents a transparent glass-like creature—which was known as a rare “find” to marine naturalists, and received the name Leptocephalus. Really it lives in vast numbers in great depths of the sea—five hundred fathoms and more. It is hatched here from the eggs of the common Eel which descends from the ponds, lakes, and rivers of Europe in order to breed in these great depths. The gradual change of the Leptocephalus into a young Eel or “Elver” is shown, and was discovered by Grassi. The young Eels leave the great depth of the ocean and ascend the rivers in immense shoals of many hundred thousand individuals, and wriggle their way up banks and rocks into the small streams and pools of the continent. - Angora Goats
- Four-horned turtle bearer
Four-horned Tortoise ( Noteus quadricornis ), at 300-fold magnification. We choose as an example the four-horned turtle bearer ( Noteus quadricornis ) of the family of turtle animals ( Loricata ), characterized by the hard, shield-shaped armor surrounding their compressed body from top to bottom. In our species, it is gracefully carved from the front and fitted with 4 horn-like protrusions. The front part of the body is covered with a soft skin and can be completely retracted under this armor. When swimming and eating, the animal unfolds its radar organ; this consists of two half-saucer-shaped, fleshy lobes, which are retracted by muscles and can be pushed out of the body cavity by squeezing blood; its free edge is set with a series of delicate eyelashes, which randomly vibrates the animal; the whole gear then makes the impression of two wheels on many Rotary animals, which rotate quickly on their axis. - Lankesterella ranarum (Lank.), the parasite of the red blood-corpuscles of the edible Frog
- Rainbow Darter