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- A New York Harbour Lighter
Lighters take various forms and perform various tasks. European lighters are more likely to have pointed ends. American lighters very often have square ends. Occasionally they have engines of their own, but generally they depend on tugs for power. - A Freighter Tied Up to a Pier
The lines shown running from the ship to the pier are often used in slightly different arrangements, but always it is advisable to run lines diagonally in order that slight movements of the ship away from the pier may be checked gradually and without breaking the lines. Furthermore, this arrangement prevents movement ahead or astern. - A Viking Ship
These ships were developed by the Norse sea rovers for use in war, and as the seas they sailed were generally rough their ships had to be seaworthy. The result was a type that still leaves its mark. The seaworthy whaleboats of to-day are very similar in shape. - A Ship’s Log
The mechanism at the top is fastened on the ship’s rail, and a line with the rotator shown below at its end is allowed to trail in the water astern. The passage of the rotator through the water causes it to turn, the line is twisted, and the log is made to register the miles travelled. - A Map of the Port of Rio de Janeiro
Rio Bay is probably the finest in the world, but mountains paralleling the coast form a handicap to the easy transportation of goods inland. - A Mediterranean Galley
This ship is of the type used long after the Middle Ages. Several men pulled each oar and all the oars were in one bank. - A Great Lakes Freight Carrier
This type of ship is eliminating the whaleback on the Great Lakes, and is used largely to transport ore and grain. - A New York Harbour Ferry
While these double-ended ships are large, they do not compare in size with the liners. Yet they carry hundreds of thousands of passengers to and fro across the Hudson and the Upper Bay. - An Outrigger Canoe
Sometimes these canoes have an outrigger on each side, and sometimes they carry sails. - An African Dugout
In this boat the builders have hollowed out the log but have not otherwise changed it. It is a present-day counterpart of boats known and used long before the dawn of history. - On The Banks
To sell the great quantities of fish they dragged up from the Banks or nearer home, foreign markets must needs be found. England and the European countries took but little of this sort of provender, and moreover England, France, Holland, and Portugal had their own fishing fleets on the Banks. - A Birch-bark Canoe
In many parts of the world savage people have learned to build light frames over which they have stretched the best material available to them. The Indians of North America commonly utilize birch bark. - A Steam Frigate—the U. S. S. Hartford
Which was used in the American Civil War by Admiral Farragut. - An Egyptian Boat of the 5th Dynasty
The double mast, shown in this drawing, was in common use in Egypt about 3000 B. C. It is occasionally to be seen on native boats in the Orient to-day. - A 13th-Century English Ship
The Viking influence is still easily traceable in this ship, but the forecastle and the sterncastle have put in their appearance. Also the hull is heavier than and not so sharp as in the earlier Viking ships. - A Peruvian Balsa
These “boats” are really rafts made of reeds. - A Ship on the Ways
While a ship may look large on the water, she looks gigantic when on land. The great hulls and the collection of scaffolds and machinery in a shipyard are always a source of surprise to the visitor who is unfamiliar with the construction of ships. - A Roman Ship
Although this ship was small the Romans built many that were not surpassed for 1,700 years, and it was not until the 19th Century was well advanced that the larger Roman ships were greatly surpassed in size. - A Greek Trireme
These warships were about 120 feet in length, and the sails and spars were taken down and sent ashore if battle was expected. The oars were operated by slaves. - The Red Jacket
The clipper ship that made the fastest trip across the Atlantic ever made under sail. Her record from Sandy Hook to Rock Light was thirteen days, one hour. - A sailing ship
- A Submarine
- The Aquitania
A British built ship operated by the Cunard Line - A Sextant in Use
Sextants are used to measure the elevation of celestial bodies—the sun, moon, or stars—in working problems in latitude and longitude. - Constituent parts of the violin - Interior
- The Rigging of a Three-masted Ship
(1) Foremast; (2) Mainmast; (3) Mizzenmast; (4) Fore, main, and mizzen-topmasts; (5) Fore, main, and mizzen topgallant masts; (6) Fore, main, and mizzen royal and skysail masts; (7) Fore yard; (8) Main yard; (9) Crossjack yard; (10) Fore, main, and mizzen lower topsail yards; (11) Fore, main, and mizzen upper topsail yards; (12) Fore, main, and mizzen lower topgallant yards; (13) Fore, main, and mizzen upper topgallant yards; (14) Fore, main, and mizzen royal yards; (15) Fore, main, and mizzen skysail yards; (16) Spanker gaff; (17) Fore and main trysail gaffs; (18) Lower shrouds; (19) Topmast shrouds; (20) Back stays; (21) Fore skysail stay; (22) Fore royal stay; (23) Flying jib stay; (24) Fore topgallant stay; (25) Jib stay; (26) Fore topmast stays; (27) Fore stays; (28) Main skysail stay; (29) Main topgallant stay; (30) Main topmast stay; (31) Mizzen skysail stay; (32) Fore and main lifts; (33) Topsail lifts; (34) Topgallant lifts; (35) Spanker boom; (36) Bowsprit; (37) Jib boom; (38) Flying jib-boom; (39) Martingale or dolphin striker; (40) Braces (named from the yard to which they are attached); (41) Bobstays; (42) Martingale stays. - Minot’s Ledge Light
Which marks, near the entrance to Boston Harbour, a rocky reef seldom seen above the surface of the water. From this spot, the famous old skeleton iron lighthouse that formerly marked the reef was swept by a gale in 1851. - Cape Race Lighthouse
A 1,100,000-candle-power light now marks the great Newfoundland headland of Cape Race. Near this cape lies the shortest sea route from the English Channel to Boston and New York, and ships entering the St. Lawrence River also must pass near it. - A Torpedo Boat
About the time of the Spanish-American War these boats were common in the navies of the world. Now they are eliminated, and their successors are the torpedo-boat destroyers, now called destroyers. - A Turret Steamer
These strange vessels are comparatively rare, and seem to be passing away entirely. The turret steamer falls into almost any category. It is built in order to save money on certain port and canal dues and other taxes, and its appearance is perhaps the weirdest of that of any ship, save, perhaps, the antediluvian whalebacks once so common on the Great Lakes. Below the water line these turret steamers are much the same as other freighters, but from there up they are vastly different. Just above the water line their sides are turned in until they are almost a deck. These “decks” run forward nearly to the bow and aft almost to the stern. But the central portion of the ship from bow to stern is raised ten or a dozen feet above these strange side “decks,” which in reality are not decks at all, but only sections of the sides of these strange hulls. - The Merrimac
An ironclad built by the Confederates during the American Civil War. This ship proved how superior to wooden ships armoured ships could be. She was armed with a ram with which she sank the Cumberland, and her armour amply protected her from the enemy’s guns. - The American Frigate Constitution
- Using a Cross Staff
This crude instrument was used in an attempt to work out problems in latitude. After holding one end of the staff to the eye and sliding the cross staff along until the observer sighted over one end at the sun and under the other at the horizon, the instrument was placed on a circle marked in degrees, and the angle was determined. - Constituent parts of the bow
- The bow
This received its name from its ancient form, which has undergone many alterations before the present form was arrived at - The Sails of a Four-masted Ship
(1) Foresail; (2) Mainsail; (3) Crossjack; (4) Jigger; (5) Lower foretopsail; (6) Lower main topsail; (7) Lower mizzen topsail; (8) Lower jigger topsail; (9) Upper fore topsail; (10) Upper main topsail; (11) Upper mizzen topsail; (12) Upper jigger topsail; (13) Fore topgallant sail; (14) Main topgallant sail; (15) Mizzen topgallant sail; (16) Jigger topgallant sail; (17) Fore royal; (18) Main royal; (19) Mizzen royal; (20) Jigger royal; (21) Fore skysail; (22) Main skysail; (23) Mizzen skysail; (24) Jigger skysail; (25) Flying jib; (26) Outer jib; (27) Jib; (28) Fore topmast staysail; (29) Spanker; (30) Buntlines; (31) Leechlines; (32) Reeftackles; (33) Braces; (34) Foresheet; (35) Fore topmast staysail sheet; (36) Jib-sheet; (37) Outer jib-sheet; (38) Flying jib-sheet. - A Tug Boat
The bows of these boats are often protected by pads to which much wear often gives an appearance of a tangled beard. - Constituent parts of the violin - Exterior
The most important part is the upper table or belly (a). The other parts are the ribs or sides (b), the back (c), the neck (d), the head comprising the scroll and peg box (e), the pegs (f), the finger board (g), the bridge (h), the tailpiece (i), the button[3] (k), the nut (l), and the f or sound-holes (m). The interior of the violin contains the soundpost and the bass bar. - Using an Astrolabe
This instrument was meant to improve on the cross staff. One man held it, when it was supposed to hang with the horizon line horizontal. Another man sighted at the sun or the stars, and a third read and recorded the angle. Needless to say the instrument was very inaccurate. - Automatic Buoys
The whistle buoy at the left utilizes the motion of the waves to blow a whistle. The light buoy in the centre has an automatic light that burns gas stored in the body of the buoy. The bell buoy at the right carries a bell, against which four clappers are pounded by the action of the waves. - A Black Ball Packet
Ships of this type carried the transatlantic passengers of the early part of the 19th Century. Because of the demand of the owners of the Black Ball Line and of its competitors, America, where these lines were owned and where their ships were built, developed the designers who ultimately gave the world the clipper ships. - An American Intermediate Liner
Ships of this type were developed during the World War. - The George Washington
An American liner, formerly a German ship. She was taken over by the United States during the World War. - The Belgenland
Belonging to the Red Star Line. - Fire Island Lightship
This lightship is anchored off Fire Island, near the southern coast of Long Island, U. S. A. Lightships sometimes mark shoals, and sometimes mark the entrances to harbours. They are always kept anchored in given spots and are merely floating lighthouses, although, of course, they are sometimes relieved by other lightships so that they may undergo repairs. - The Charlotte Dundas
Before the Clermont was built, this boat had operated successfully on the Forth and Clyde Canal in Scotland. The objection to her was that she stirred the water up so that she injured the banks of the canal. - The Paris
The greatest French Merchant ship, operated by the French Line. - Bishop Rock Lighthouse
On a cluster of rocks off the Scilly Islands near the entrance to the English Channel where converge the most important of all the world’s shipping lanes. - Sounding by Machine
A glass tube with the upper end closed and the lower end open is lowered in a special case to the sea bottom, and then brought to the surface. As the tube descends, the water compresses the air in the tube, and gradually creeps up inside. The inside of the tube being of ground glass the water leaves a mark showing how far it has entered the tube. By laying the tube on a special scale the depth to which the glass was carried can be gauged. There are other methods not greatly dissimilar from this. - Using a Pelorus
This apparatus consists of a movable plate marked with compass bearings, set in a stand. The observer sets the plate to correspond to the standard compass, and then sights across it in determining the compass bearings of points ashore from which he wishes to learn his exact position. - The Olympic
A sister ship of the ill-fated Titanic, and operated by the White Star Line. - A Whaleback
A strange type of cargo steamer once common on the American Great Lakes, but gradually disappearing. - Bearings and Points of Sailing
- A Tramp Steamer
Perhaps the hardest-working machine ever designed by man, and undoubtedly the most romantic of all steam-driven ships. - The Tillamook Rock Light Station
This great rock, which lies about a mile off the coast of Oregon, was formerly a spot of terrible danger to ships. Great difficulties had to be overcome in order to erect this lighthouse, but now its 160,000-candle-power light is visible, in clear weather, for eighteen miles. - The Mauretania
A British liner of the Cunard Line. - The Detroit
This 35-foot motorboat made the voyage from Detroit, Michigan, to St. Petersburg, Russia. - A Battle Cruiser
A ship carrying the heaviest of guns but lacking the heavy armour of the dreadnaughts. Its speed is greatly superior to that of dreadnaughts. - The Berengaria
A former German ship now belonging to the Cunard Line. - H. M. S. Dreadnaught
The first all-big-gun ship, and the one that gave its name to present-day battleships, which are universally called dreadnaughts or super-dreadnaughts.