Standard American upright action
Upright action showing lost-motion device
Grand pianoforte action with metallic action and damper frames
Standard modern American grand action
Double repetition action of Sebastian Erard as used by S. & P. Erard, Paris
The Erard grand action modified by Herz
Action by Andreas and Nanette (Stein), Streicher Viennese escapement (1794)
English direct lever grand action, developed by Broadwood from Backers (1884)
Cristofori’s action in its final form
Iron plate for upright pianoforte with Agraffes (Mehlin patents)
Arrangement of iron plate, braces and scale of parlor size grand pianoforte
Iron plate for upright pianoforte fitted with Capo D’astro bar
Sketch of iron plate for concert grand
Back view of upright pianoforte
Jonas Chickering’s full solid cast grand metal plate
Modern method og grand pianoforte case construction